Damn it all, it is NOT learned nonuse. It
is the actual inability to use it because of dead neurons. If you had
dead brain rehab protocols, this fake learned nonuse idea would cease to
exist! What multiverse do we need to send you back to where this research does ONE DAMN THING towards stroke recovery?
Quit blaming the patients for not recovering and blame the doctor and therapists for knowing nothing on how to get survivors recovered!
Do you blithering idiots ever actually think about why stroke patients don't recover?
learned nonuse (11 posts to May 2018)
nonuse (14 posts to May 2013)
Relationship Between Body-Specific Attention to a Paretic Limb and Real-World Arm Use in Stroke Patients: A Longitudinal Study
Ryoji Otaki
1,2
, Yutaka Oouchida
1,3
, Naoki Aizu
1,4
, Tamami Sudo
1,5
, Hiroshi Sasahara
2
,
Yuki Saito
6
, Sunao Takemura
6
and Shin-Ichi Izumi
1,7
*
1
Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan,
2
Department of Rehabilitation, Yamagata Saisei Hospital, Yamagata, Japan,
3
Department of Education, Osaka Kyoiku
University, Osaka, Japan,
4
Faculty of Rehabilitation, School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan,
5
Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan,
6
Department of Neurosurgery, Yamagata Saisei Hospital, Yamagata, Japan,
7
Department of Physical Medicine and
Rehabilitation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Sendai, Japan
Learned nonuse is a major problem in upper limb (UL) rehabilitation after stroke. Among
the various factors that contribute to learned nonuse, recent studies have focused
on body representation of the paretic limb in the brain. We previously developed a
method to measure body specific attention, as a marker of body representation of
the paretic limb and revealed a decline in body specific attention to the paretic limb
in chronic stroke patients by a cross-sectional study. However, longitudinal changes
in body specific attention and paretic arm use in daily life (real-world arm use) from
the onset to the chronic phase, and their relationship, remain unknown. Here, in a
longitudinal, prospective, observational study, we sought to elucidate the longitudinal
changes in body specific attention to the paretic limb and real-world arm use, and
their relationship, by using accelerometers and psychophysical methods, respectively, in
25 patients with subacute stroke. Measurements were taken at baseline (T
BL
), 2 weeks
(T
2w
), 1 month (T
1M
), 2 months (T
2M
), and 6 months (T
6M
) after enrollment. UL function
was measured using the Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) and Action Research Arm
Test (ARAT). Real world arm use was measured using accelerometers on both wrists.
Body specific attention was measured using a visual detection task. The UL function
and real-world arm use improved up to T
6M
. Longitudinal changes in body specific
attention were most remarkable at T
1M
. Changes in body-specific attention up to T
1M
correlated positively with changes in real-world arm use up to T
6M
, and from T
1M
to T
6M
,
and the latter more strongly correlated with changes in real-world arm use. Changes in
real-world arm use up to T
2M
correlated positively with changes in FMA up to T
2M
and
T
6M
. No correlation was found between body specific attention and FMA scores. Thus,
these results suggest that improved body specific attention to the paretic limb during the
early phase contributes to increasing long-term real world arm use and that increased
real-world use is associated with the recovery of UL function. Our results may contribute to the development of rehabilitation strategies to enhance adaptive changes in body
representation in the brain and increase real-world arm use after stroke.
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