http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/elps.201200470/abstract
Several common degenerative
mechanisms and mediators underlying the neuronal injury pathways
characterize several neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's
Parkinson's, and Huntington's disease, as well as brain neurotrauma.
Such common ground invites the emergence of new approaches and tools to
study the altered pathways involved in neural injury alongside with
neuritogenesis, an intricate process that commences with neuronal
differentiation.
Achieving a greater
understanding of the impaired pathways of neuritogenesis would
significantly help in uncovering detailed mechanisms of axonal
regeneration. Among the several agents involved in neuritogenesis are
the Rho and Rho kinases (ROCKs) which constitute key integral points in
the Rho/ROCK pathway that is known to be disrupted in multiple
neuropathologies such as spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury and
Alzheimer's disease. This in turn renders ROCK inhibition as a promising
candidate for therapeutic targets for treatment of neurodegenerative
diseases.
Among the novel tools to
investigate the mechanisms involved in a specific disorder is the use of
neuroproteomics/systems biology approach, a growing subfield of
bioinformatics aiming to study and establishing a global assessment of
the entire neuronal proteome, addressing the dynamic protein changes and
interactions. This review aims to examine recent updates regarding how
neuroproteomics aids in the understanding of molecular mechanisms of
activation and inhibition in the area of neurogenesis and how Rho/ROCK
pathway/ROCK inhibitors, primarily Y-27632 and Fasudil compounds, are
applied in biological settings, promoting neuronal survival and
neuroprotection that has direct future implications in neurotrauma.
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