Finally getting some objective measurements for stroke rehab. It should lead to protocols being written.
Duke
University Scientists Create Method to Measure the Effects of
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on the Brain, Offering Hope of
Improvements in TMS Therapy
Neuroscientists and engineers at North Carolina’s Duke University
have pioneered a method with which the effects of transcranial magnetic
stimulation (TMS) on the brain can be measured. The Duke team has made
it possible to measure the response of a single neuron to an
electromagnetic charge–something that has not before been possible. The
work offers the potential to improve and initiate novel TMS therapy
approaches.
“This report focused on the innovative methodology that allowed us to
record from single neurons,” Duke professor of biomedical engineering,
electrical and computer engineering, and neurobiology and lead
researcher on the team, Warren Grill, told The Speaker. The team was
able to record an increase in a neuron’s firing rate in the wake of the
short, rapidly varying magnetic field created by TMS. The increase in
firing lasted approximately 100 ms after the TMS pulse, according to
Grill.
The report, “Simultaneous transcranial magnetic stimulation and
single-neuron recording in alert non-human primates,” was authored by
Jerel K Mueller, Erinn M Grigsby, Vincent Prevosto, Frank W Petraglia
III, Hrishikesh Rao, Zhi-De Deng, Angel V Peterchev, Marc A Sommer,
Tobias Egner, Michael L Platt, in addition to Grill, was published in
Nature and was supported by a Duke Institute for Brain Sciences Research
Incubator Award and by a grant from the National Institute of
Neurological Disorders and Stroke of the National Institutes of Health.
Transcranial
magnetic stimulation is a widely-used procedure wherein electromagnetic
coils are held up to the skull and short electromagnetic pulses are run
through the coil. It has long been understood that neurons react to
TMS, and the procedure has been used to treat psychiatric disorders,
substance abuse and other health conditions. Although preferable to
other treatment methods because TMS is noninvasive, its mechanisms have
always been poorly understood, making improvements difficult.
In part, the barrier to understanding the mechanisms of TMS is due to
the difficulty of measuring neural responses during the procedure. The
neural response is electric,and the current charging the TMS bears an
overwhelmingly stronger electric charge.
Grill said of the difficulty in understanding TMS without measuring
its effects, “Nobody really knows what TMS is doing inside the brain,
and given that lack of information, it has been very hard to interpret
the outcomes of studies or to make therapies more effective. We set out
to try to understand what’s happening inside that black box by recording
activity from single neurons during the delivery of TMS in a non-human
primate. Conceptually, it was a very simple goal. But technically, it
turned out to be very challenging.”
Although thousands of times smaller than the charge of the TMS, the
neural response can be measured by the research team’s hardware. The
team also overcame the obstruction posed by the recording device, which
also emitted an electric current.
“Studies
with TMS have all been empirical,” said Grill. “You could look at the
effects and change the coil, frequency, duration or many other
variables. Now we can begin to understand the physiological effects of
TMS and carefully craft protocols rather than relying on trial and
error. I think that is where the real power of this research is going to
come from.”
The Duke team’s research is open to anyone with a lab, according to
the researchers. “[A]ny modern lab working with non-human primates and
electrophysiology can use this same approach in their studies,” said
Grill. The team said they hope others would pursue this line of
research, and contribute to improvements in TMS therapy.
“This research will allow us first to quantify and understand the
effects of TMS on neurons, and subsequently to design novel approaches,
including stimulation waveforms and stimulation coil design to amplify
or modify those effects,” Grill told us.
By Day Blakely Donaldson
Use the labels in the right column to find what you want. Or you can go thru them one by one, there are only 28,987 posts. Searching is done in the search box in upper left corner. I blog on anything to do with stroke.DO NOT DO ANYTHING SUGGESTED HERE AS I AM NOT MEDICALLY TRAINED, YOUR DOCTOR IS, LISTEN TO THEM. BUT I BET THEY DON'T KNOW HOW TO GET YOU 100% RECOVERED. I DON'T EITHER, BUT HAVE PLENTY OF QUESTIONS FOR YOUR DOCTOR TO ANSWER.
Changing stroke rehab and research worldwide now.Time is Brain! trillions and trillions of neurons that DIE each day because there are NO effective hyperacute therapies besides tPA(only 12% effective). I have 523 posts on hyperacute therapy, enough for researchers to spend decades proving them out. These are my personal ideas and blog on stroke rehabilitation and stroke research. Do not attempt any of these without checking with your medical provider. Unless you join me in agitating, when you need these therapies they won't be there.
What this blog is for:
My blog is not to help survivors recover, it is to have the 10 million yearly stroke survivors light fires underneath their doctors, stroke hospitals and stroke researchers to get stroke solved. 100% recovery. The stroke medical world is completely failing at that goal, they don't even have it as a goal. Shortly after getting out of the hospital and getting NO information on the process or protocols of stroke rehabilitation and recovery I started searching on the internet and found that no other survivor received useful information. This is an attempt to cover all stroke rehabilitation information that should be readily available to survivors so they can talk with informed knowledge to their medical staff. It lays out what needs to be done to get stroke survivors closer to 100% recovery. It's quite disgusting that this information is not available from every stroke association and doctors group.
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