Psychological Resilience is Associated with Participation Outcomes following Mild to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury

We need the exact same research for stroke but since we have NO stroke leadership to ask for this,   followup will never occur.  Of course, that type of research wouldn't be needed if we got survivors 100% recovered.
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2018.00563/abstract

Carla Wardlaw¹, Amelia J. Hicks^1*, Mark Sherer^{2, 3} and Jennie L. Ponsford¹

• ¹Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University, Australia
• ²Memorial Hermann Institute for Rehabilitation and Research Foundation, United States
• ³Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, United States

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes physical and cognitive-behavioural impairments that reduce participation in employment, leisure, and social relationships. Demographic and injury-related factors account for a small proportion of variance in participation post-injury. Personal factors such as resilience may also impact outcomes. This study aimed to examine the association of resilience alongside demographic, injury-related, cognitive, emotional, and family factors with participation following TBI. It was hypothesized that resilience would make an independent contribution to participation outcomes after TBI.

Participants included 245 individuals with mild-severe TBI (Mage=44.41, SDage=16.09; post traumatic amnesia duration M 24.95 days, SD 45.99) who completed the Participation Assessment with Recombined Tools-Objective (PART-O), Traumatic Brain Injury Quality of Life Resilience scale, Family Assessment Device General Functioning Scale, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, National Adult Reading Test, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale an average 4.63 years post-injury (SD 3.02, R 0.5-13). Multiple regression analyses were used to examine predictors of PART-O scores as the participation measure.

Variables in the model accounted for a significant 38% of the variability in participation outcomes, F (13, 211) = 9.93, p < .05, R2 =.38, adjusted R2 =.34. Resilience was a significant predictor of higher participation, along with shorter PTA duration, more years since injury, higher education and IQ, and younger age. Mediation analyses revealed depression mediated the relationship between resilience and participation.

As greater resilience may protect against depression and enhance participation this may be a focus of intervention. 

Keywords: Traumatic Brain Injury, TBI, resilience, Participation, Depression, Anxiety

Received: 09 Apr 2018; Accepted: 22 Jun 2018.

Edited by:

Marco Sarà, San Raffaele Cassino, Italy

Reviewed by:

Rita Formisano, Fondazione Santa Lucia (IRCCS), Italy
Grahame Simpson, University of Sydney  

Copyright: © 2018 Wardlaw, Hicks, Sherer and Ponsford. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

* Correspondence: Ms. Amelia J. Hicks, Monash University, Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, 185-187 Hoddle St, Richmond, Melbourne, 3146, Victoria, Australia, amelia.hicks@monash.edu