So you still don't know why a neuron gives up its' current task and takes on a neighbors. Until you figure that out, neuroplasticity is not consistently repeatable. So don't let your doctor or therapist tell you neuroplasticity is going to get you recovered until they TELL YOU EXACTLY HOW TO GET IT TO WORK!
Neuroplasticity: Evolving Concept in Neurology
52 Journal of Clinical Research and Applied Medicine, Vol 2, Issue 3, Jul-Sep, 2022
Access this article online
Website:
www.jcramonline.com
Quick Response code
DOI:
10.5530/jcram.2.3.12
WWW.JCRAMONLINE.COM
EDITORIAL
Neuroplasticity, also known as neural plasticity or
brain plasticity is the ability of neural networks in the
brain to change through growth and reorganization.1
These changes range from individual neuron pathways
making new connections, to systematic adjustments like
cortical remapping. The term plasticity was first applied
to behavior in 1890 by William James in The Principles
of Psychology.2 The first person to use the term neural
plasticity appears to have been the Polish neuroscientist
Jerzy Kanjorski.3,4
The human brain is composed of approximately
100 billion neurons. Early researchers believed that
neurogenesis, or the creation of new neurons, stopped
shortly after birth. Today, it’s understood that the brain’s
neuroplasticity allows it to reorganize pathways, create
new connections, and, in some cases, even create new
neurons. There are two main types of neuroplasticity:5
1. Functional plasticity: It is the ability of brain
to alter and adapt the functional properties of
neurons. The changes can occur in response to
previous activity (activity-dependent plasticity) to
acquire memory or in response to malfunction
or damage of neurons (maladaptive plasticity) to
compensate a pathological event. In the latter case
the functions from one part of the brain transfer
to another part of the brain based on the demand
to produce recovery of behavioral or physiological
processes.6
2. Structural plasticity: It is the brain's ability to
actually change its physical structure as a result of
learning. Researchers nowadays use multiple cross-
sectional imaging methods (i.e. magnetic resonance
imaging (MRI), Computerized Tomography (CT))
to study the structural alterations of the human
brains.5 This type of neuroplasticity often studies
the effect of various internal or external stimuli on
the brain›s anatomical reorganization.
The adult brain is not entirely “hard-wired” with fixed
neuronal circuits. There is evidence that neurogenesis
(birth of brain cells) occurs in the adult, rodent brain-
and such changes can persist well into old age.7 The
evidence for neurogenesis is mainly restricted to the
hippocampus and olfactory bulb, but research has
revealed that other parts of the brain, including the
cerebellum, may be involved as well.1 However, the
degree of rewiring induced by the integration of new
neurons in the established circuits is not known, and
such rewiring may well be functionally redundant.9
Neuroplasticity is gaining popularity as a theory
that, at least in part, explains improvements in
functional outcomes with physical therapy post-
stroke. Rehabilitation techniques that are supported
by evidence which suggest cortical reorganization as
the mechanism of change include constraint-induced
movement therapy, functional electrical stimulation,
treadmill training with body-weight support, and virtual
reality therapy.
Access this article online
Website:
www.jcramonline.com
Quick Response code
DOI:
10.5530/jcram.2.3.12
WWW.JCRAMONLINE.COM
EDITORIAL
Neuroplasticity, also known as neural plasticity or
brain plasticity is the ability of neural networks in the
brain to change through growth and reorganization.1
These changes range from individual neuron pathways
making new connections, to systematic adjustments like
cortical remapping. The term plasticity was first applied
to behavior in 1890 by William James in The Principles
of Psychology.2 The first person to use the term neural
plasticity appears to have been the Polish neuroscientist
Jerzy Kanjorski.3,4
The human brain is composed of approximately
100 billion neurons. Early researchers believed that
neurogenesis, or the creation of new neurons, stopped
shortly after birth. Today, it’s understood that the brain’s
neuroplasticity allows it to reorganize pathways, create
new connections, and, in some cases, even create new
neurons. There are two main types of neuroplasticity:5
1. Functional plasticity: It is the ability of brain
to alter and adapt the functional properties of
neurons. The changes can occur in response to
previous activity (activity-dependent plasticity) to
acquire memory or in response to malfunction
or damage of neurons (maladaptive plasticity) to
compensate a pathological event. In the latter case
the functions from one part of the brain transfer
to another part of the brain based on the demand
to produce recovery of behavioral or physiological
processes.6
2. Structural plasticity: It is the brain's ability to
actually change its physical structure as a result of
learning. Researchers nowadays use multiple cross-
sectional imaging methods (i.e. magnetic resonance
imaging (MRI), Computerized Tomography (CT))
to study the structural alterations of the human
brains.5 This type of neuroplasticity often studies
the effect of various internal or external stimuli on
the brain›s anatomical reorganization.
The adult brain is not entirely “hard-wired” with fixed
neuronal circuits. There is evidence that neurogenesis
(birth of brain cells) occurs in the adult, rodent brain-
and such changes can persist well into old age.7 The
evidence for neurogenesis is mainly restricted to the
hippocampus and olfactory bulb, but research has
revealed that other parts of the brain, including the
cerebellum, may be involved as well.1 However, the
degree of rewiring induced by the integration of new
neurons in the established circuits is not known, and
such rewiring may well be functionally redundant.9
Neuroplasticity is gaining popularity as a theory
that, at least in part, explains improvements in
functional outcomes with physical therapy post-
stroke. Rehabilitation techniques that are supported
by evidence which suggest cortical reorganization as
the mechanism of change include constraint-induced
movement therapy, functional electrical stimulation,
treadmill training with body-weight support, and virtual
reality therapy.
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