We've known of this migraine to stroke link for years. The research needed is; 'What treatment of migraines will prevent stroke?'
migraine (42 posts to February 2011)
Migraine with aura (13 posts to March 2016)
DAMN IT ALL, SOLVE THE PROPER QUESTION!
The latest useless crapola here:
Bibliometric Analysis of Research on Migraine-Stroke Association from 2013 to 2023
Authors Zhang L , Zhang H, Zhou X, Zhao J, Wang X
Received 3 October 2023
Accepted for publication 22 November 2023
Published 1 December 2023 Volume 2023:16 Pages 4089—4112
DOI https://doi.org/10.2147/JPR.S438745
Checked for plagiarism Yes
Review by Single anonymous peer review
Peer reviewer comments 2
Editor who approved publication: Dr Rushna Ali
Long Zhang,1,2,* Hongyan Zhang,3,4,* Xue Zhou,1 Jing Zhao,5 Xingchen Wang6
1First
Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese
Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zibo TCM-Integrated Hospital, Zibo, Shandong, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 4Shaanxi
Key Laboratory of Research on TCM Physical Constitution and Diseases
Prevention and Treatment, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine,
Xianyang, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China; 5Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China; 6Division
of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of
Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of
China
*These authors contributed equally to this work
Correspondence:
Xingchen Wang, Division of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of
Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1 Jingba Road,
Jinan, Shandong, 250001, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 0531
58261203, Email sdlcwxc@163.com
Background: Both
migraine and stroke heavily burden individuals, health systems, and
society. The migraine-stroke association is of concern and has been
studied widely. Our objective is to explore and overview the current
research status and emerging trends.
Materials and Methods:
Studies on migraine-stroke association from January 2013 to May 2023
were retrieved and screened from the Web of Science Core Collection
(WOSCC) database. Records fulfilling the selection criteria were
downloaded and imported into CiteSpace for data mining and
visualization.
Results: A total of 862 papers on
migraine-stroke association were included. Annual publications grew
slowly. The United States and European countries dominated research in
this area. Harvard University published the largest number of articles,
while the University of London was most active with other institutions.
Ayata Cenk contributed the most articles, while KURTH T and NEUROLOGY
were co-cited most. Research hotspots included migraine with aura,
ischemic stroke, patent foramen ovale, cortical spreading
depolarization, meta-analysis, cross-sectional study, and risk factors.
Pathophysiology and small vessel disease represented research frontiers
and emerging trends.
Conclusion: Our study scientifically outlines the migraine-stroke association over the past decade, presenting useful information.
Keywords: migraine with aura, ischemic stroke, patent foramen ovale, cortical spreading depolarization, pathophysiology, CiteSpace
Introduction
Migraine is a highly prevalent neurological disorder and one of the most disabling diseases worldwide,1 affecting approximately 15% of the total global population.2 It is more prevalent among women and has a particular impact on young adults, with peak prevalence occurring between the ages of 35 and 39.2,3 According to the 3rd edition of International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-3), migraine headaches are classified into six subtypes, including (1) migraine without aura (MO), (2) migraine with aura (MA), (3) chronic migraine, (4) complications of migraine, (5) probable migraine, and (6) episodic syndromes that may be associated with migraine.4 MO and MA are the two most common subtypes.4 MO manifests as a unilateral, throbbing, moderate or severe headache with at least 5 attacks lasting 4–72 hours. MO is aggravated by routine physical activity and accompanied by nausea, photophobia and phonophobia. MA is characterized by unilateral, transient, and fully reversible neurological symptoms accompanied or followed by migraine-related symptoms, with at least two attacks. The aura symptoms usually manifest as visual, sensory, speech, motor, brainstem, and retinal deficits, lasting minutes.4 The cause of migraine is multifactorial, involving genetic, metabolic, endocrine, psychological, dietary, and environmental factors. Defined as a neurovascular disorder, migraine attacks are associated with neurologic dysfunction, abnormal vascular activity, and excessive neuropeptide release.5
Stroke is one of the leading diseases causing disability and death worldwide, posing a serious threat to human health.6 Briefly, stroke is an acute cerebrovascular disorder resulting in neurological deficits due to sudden rupture of blood vessels in the brain or occlusion of blood vessels supplying the brain, retina or spinal cord. Typical clinical manifestations of stroke are sudden onset of focal neurologic deficits, including unilateral numbness, weakness, or loss of vision; speech disturbances; dysphagia; diplopia; ataxia and vertigo.7 There are two main types of stroke: ischemic and hemorrhagic. Ischemic stroke is more prevalent than hemorrhagic stroke, accounting for approximately 87% of total strokes.8 Stroke is predominantly in elderly adults and is strongly associated with traditional vascular risk factors, such as hypertension, diabetes, obesity, smoking, and alcohol consumption.8 Ischemic stroke is mainly caused by artery-to-artery embolism from atherosclerotic plaque, embolism from the heart, and intracranial atherosclerosis with in-situ thrombosis.9 For younger stroke patients, cervical artery dissection is a common etiology. Severely decreased cerebral blood flow leads to cessation of neuronal electrical activity and clinical deficits. If reperfusion is not restored promptly, irreversible brain tissue lesions develop rapidly. The common causes of intracerebral hemorrhage are vasculopathy related to hypertension, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, anticoagulation, and vascular structural damage.7
Both migraine and stroke place a heavy burden on the individual and society.10,11 During the study of migraine and stroke, the association between the two has gradually attracted the attention of researchers. Migraine and stroke differ significantly in terms of predominant age, gender, and prognosis; however, growing evidence suggests a strong association between them.12 Although the findings on this association are not consistent, most suggest that the presence of migraine increases the risk of stroke.13 In the past decades, researchers have explored the migraine-stroke association from various aspects of epidemiology, genetics, neuroimaging, and pathophysiology. Although there have been many reviews that have systematically elucidated the progress of the research, to our knowledge, there is currently no bibliometric report that summarizes the field.
Bibliometrics allows quantitative analysis of a large number of published academic articles in a given field using a variety of tools to uncover valid information in the literature. Citespace, invented by Prof. Chaomei Chen, is an excellent visual bibliometric tool, consisting of three modules: collaboration network, co-occurrence network, and co-citation network.14,15 The collaboration network enables the visualization of the scientific outputs and collaborations of an element (country, institution, author) in the research field of the migraine-stroke association, helping researchers to understand the academic contributions of the element, find potential partners, and promote academic collaborations and exchanges. The co-citation network can visualize the academic influence of an element (author, journal, reference) in the field and help researchers identify key elements (reference, journal, researcher). The reference co-citation network and the keyword co-occurrence network compose the knowledge base of the field. By identifying high-frequency keywords and keywords with high centrality, CiteSpace can help researchers rapidly understand the research hotspots, key issues, and relevant research results in this field. Timeline and citation burst detection help researchers to explore research trends and future research directions through temporal localization.
There have been several bibliometric studies of migraine using CiteSpace, but no migraine-stroke association was investigated.16–18 In this study, we were the first to use CiteSpace software to conduct a bibliometric analysis of the literature collected from WOSCC to provide a comprehensive understanding of the migraine-stroke association. We have three objectives: firstly, to identify the contributions and collaborations of countries, institutions, journals, and individuals in the field of migraine-stroke association through the analysis of collaboration networks and co-citation networks (authors and journals); secondly, to explore the research hotspots through the analysis of keyword co-occurrence networks and co-citation networks (references); and thirdly, to explore the new hotspots and research trends through the burst detection.
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