http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7015/11/192
1
Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Medical
School-Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
2 School of Medicine, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
3 CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
4 Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
5 Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
6 Human Nutrition Unit, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
7 Spain Primary Care, Servicio Navarro de Salud, Osasunbidea, Pamplona, Spain
8 Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
9 Lipids and Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Unit, Institut Municipal d’Investigació Mèdica (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
10 Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
11 Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
12 Department of Cardiology, Araba University Hospital, Vitoria, Spain
13 Department of Family Medicine, Primary Care Division of Sevilla, Centro de Salud San Pablo, Sevilla, Spain
14 Nutrition and Food Science Department– XaRTA, INSA, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
15 Internal Medicine Service, Hospital of Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
2 School of Medicine, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
3 CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
4 Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
5 Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
6 Human Nutrition Unit, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
7 Spain Primary Care, Servicio Navarro de Salud, Osasunbidea, Pamplona, Spain
8 Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
9 Lipids and Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Unit, Institut Municipal d’Investigació Mèdica (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
10 Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
11 Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
12 Department of Cardiology, Araba University Hospital, Vitoria, Spain
13 Department of Family Medicine, Primary Care Division of Sevilla, Centro de Salud San Pablo, Sevilla, Spain
14 Nutrition and Food Science Department– XaRTA, INSA, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
15 Internal Medicine Service, Hospital of Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
BMC Medicine 2013, 11:192
doi:10.1186/1741-7015-11-192
The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7015/11/192
The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7015/11/192
Received: | 10 April 2013 |
Accepted: | 26 July 2013 |
Published: | 30 August 2013 |
© 2013 Gea et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Background
Alcoholic beverages are widely consumed. Depression, the most prevalent mental disorder
worldwide, has been related to alcohol intake. We aimed to prospectively assess the
association between alcohol intake and incident depression using repeated measurements
of alcohol intake.
Methods
We followed-up 5,505 high-risk men and women (55 to 80 y) of the PREDIMED Trial for
up to seven years. Participants were initially free of depression or a history of
depression, and did not have any history of alcohol-related problems. A 137-item validated
food frequency questionnaire administered by a dietician was repeated annually to
assess alcohol intake. Participants were classified as incident cases of depression
when they reported a new clinical diagnosis of depression, and/or initiated the use
of antidepressant drugs. Cox regression analyses were fitted over 23,655 person-years.
Results
Moderate alcohol intake within the range of 5 to 15 g/day was significantly associated
with lower risk of incident depression (hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval
(95% CI) = 0.72 (0.53 to 0.98) versus abstainers). Specifically, wine consumption
in the range of two to seven drinks/week was significantly associated with lower rates
of depression (HR (95% CI) = 0.68 (0.47 to 0.98)).
Conclusions
Moderate consumption of wine may reduce the incidence of depression, while heavy drinkers
seem to be at higher risk.
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