This crapola is why stroke survivors need to be in charge. Damn we need stroke leadership and we need it NOW.
http://stroke.ahajournals.org/content/49/5/1091.long
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Regenerative
medicine in stroke involves therapies that induce tissue repair and
recovery. This is a distinct approach from reducing stroke damage:
restoring blood flow, reducing cell death, or limiting secondary
progression of injury. These 3 areas have a very concise or limited
focus: restoring blood flow involves lysing or removing clots. Reducing
cell death means neuroprotection. Limiting secondary damage involves
modulating process of inflammation or delayed apoptosis. In contrast,
tissue regeneration after stroke relates to many potential therapeutic
targets, such as enhancing angiogenesis, neurogenesis, or gliogenesis;
promoting axonal sprouting; stabilizing injured synaptic connections; or
modulating excitatory/inhibitory balance in brain circuits. Single
molecular targets may promote 1 specific tissue repair process, but
clinical success is likely to occur if many of these reparative events
are stimulated by 1 therapeutic treatment. This concept has informed the
stem cell field in stroke. In experiments with transplantation of
stem/progenitor cells in stroke, tissue repair can occur through direct
formation of or replacement to neurons or glia, production of growth
factors and cytokines, and stimulation of the cellular progenitors that
lead to angiogenesis, neurogenesis, and gliogenesis.
Tissue
repair and recovery after stroke has been shown with the first wave of
studies in the field: the application of the easiest to produce stem or
progenitor cells, such as adult progenitor cells (mesenchymal stromal
cells, multipotent adult progenitor cells, hematopoietic stem/progenitor
cells) or very early neural precursor cells that are differentiated
from embryonic stem cells (ESCs) or induced pluripotent stem cells
(iPSCs). With adult progenitor cells, isolation and expansion of the
cells is relatively straightforward and application to stroke has
progressed into 2 clinical trial efforts (Athersys, SanBio). The
differentiation of ESCs or iPSCs into a very early neural precursor is a
default cellular program and can be done with relatively simple
methods. As a result, ESC- …
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