But what about all these other treadmills? Don't you believe in testing the complete universe of treadmills? Or too lazy to do them all? So once again we will need followup research to identify the best intervention via treadmill. What a fucking waste just because we have NO stroke leadership and NO stroke strategy.
Stroke Rehabilitation and the AlterG - Anti-gravity treadmill
The treadmill bike!?
air pressure treadmill
Turning-Based Treadmill
Air pressure treadmill instantly sheds 80% of your weight
underwater treadmill
Split Belt Treadmill
rotating treadmill
The latest here:
Treadmill training augmented with real-time visualisation feedback and function electrical stimulation for gait rehabilitation after stroke: a feasibility study
BMC Biomedical Engineeringvolume 1, Article number: 20 (2019)
Abstract
Background
Stroke rehabilitation often uses the motor relearning concept that require patients to perform active practice of skill-specific training and to receive feedback. Treadmill training augmented with real-time visualisation feedback and functional electrical stimulation may have a beneficial synergistic effect on motor recovery. This study aims to determine the feasibility of this kind of enhanced treadmill training for gait rehabilitation among patients after stroke.Methods
A system for dynamic visualisation of lower-limb movement based on 3-dimentional motion capture and a computer timed functional electrical stimulation system was developed. Participants received up to 20-min enhanced treadmill training instead of their over-ground gait training once or twice a week for 6 weeks at Coathill hospital, Lanarkshire, United Kingdom. Number of training sessions attended, and training duration were used to assess feasibility. Ankle kinematics in the sagittal plane of walking with and without functional electrical stimulation support of the pre-tibial muscles were also compared and used to confirm the functional electrical stimulation was triggered at the targeted time.Results
Six patients after stroke participated in the study. The majority of participants were male (5/6) with a age range from 30 to 84 years and 4/6 had left hemiplegia. All participants suffered from brain infarction and were at least 3 months after stroke. Number of training sessions attended ranged from 5 to 12. The duration of training sessions ranged from 11 to 20 min. No serious adverse events were reported. The computerised functional electrical stimulation to the pre-tibial muscles was able to reduce plantarflexion angle during the swing phase with statistical significance (p = 0.015 at 80%; p = 0.008 at 90 and 100% of the gait cycle).Conclusions
It is safe and feasible to use treadmill gait training augmented with real-time visual feedback and computer-controlled functional electrical stimulation with patients after stroke in routine clinical practice.Trial registration
NCT03348215. Registered 20 November 2017.Background
Stroke is a common neurological disease leading to many impairments and disabilities [1, 2].
The loss of or difficulty with walking is one of the most common
concerns of stroke survivors. Impairment of motor control are the most
common sequelae after stroke affecting approximately two third of stroke
survivors [3],
and seems to be the major contribution to walking difficulty after
stroke. Patients immediately after a significant stroke are often
dependent ambulators. Although, most patients after stroke are able to
walk after a period of time often involving a rehabilitation programme,
many of them do not reach community ambulation levels [4].
To encourage neuroplasticity, stroke rehabilitation often uses the motor relearning concept that requires patients to perform active practice of skill-specific training and to receive feedback [5]. Functional electrical stimulation (FES) is the application of a low-level electrical current to elicit contraction in weak or paralyzed muscles due to upper motor neuron injuries/diseases such as stroke. It is used to perform specific functions; for example, arm/hand control, standing, or walking. It can be used as an assistive device (neuroprosthetic effect) or to help restore or improve patient’s movement during rehabilitation such as drop foot stimulation during the swing phase of stroke survivors in gait retraining [6]. Moreover, there is clinical evidence that FES can encourage motor relearning and neuroplasticity by changing cortical excitability and stimulating cortical reorganization (therapeutic effect) [7]. Because stroke can affect gait performance in both stance and swing phase, multichannel FES (MFES) might have the potential for assisting gait training among patients after stroke. The clinical evidence indicates that MFES improves gait performance among patients with chronic stroke [8, 9]. The use of MFES for acute stroke combined with treadmill training may also be feasible and safe [10, 11] and may enhance acute recovery.
Three-dimensional kinematic motion capture systems (3D-MoCap) are one of the most accurate investigation tools for gait analysis. They can provide joint and segment kinematics, gait parameters, and can determine phases of the gait cycle. Nowadays, due to advanced computer technologies, 3D-MoCap can be used to create dynamic visualisation of lower-limb movement which provide patients after stroke with real-time visual feedback for motor relearning [12, 13]. It can also provide patients with a real-time feedback-controlled treadmill that adjusts continuously the treadmill speed to the patients’ gait speed which is called self-paced treadmill walking [14]. Treadmill training with or without body-weight support has been shown to increase walking speed and capacity but not to achieve greater levels of independent walking. However, treadmill training augmented by real-time visualisation feedback and computer-controlled FES may have a beneficial synergistic effect [15] and may enhance recovery. Hence, the present study aims to develop a 3D-MoCap based MFES system and to determine the feasibility of the treadmill training enhanced with real-time visual feedback and computerised FES for gait rehabilitation among patients after stroke.
To encourage neuroplasticity, stroke rehabilitation often uses the motor relearning concept that requires patients to perform active practice of skill-specific training and to receive feedback [5]. Functional electrical stimulation (FES) is the application of a low-level electrical current to elicit contraction in weak or paralyzed muscles due to upper motor neuron injuries/diseases such as stroke. It is used to perform specific functions; for example, arm/hand control, standing, or walking. It can be used as an assistive device (neuroprosthetic effect) or to help restore or improve patient’s movement during rehabilitation such as drop foot stimulation during the swing phase of stroke survivors in gait retraining [6]. Moreover, there is clinical evidence that FES can encourage motor relearning and neuroplasticity by changing cortical excitability and stimulating cortical reorganization (therapeutic effect) [7]. Because stroke can affect gait performance in both stance and swing phase, multichannel FES (MFES) might have the potential for assisting gait training among patients after stroke. The clinical evidence indicates that MFES improves gait performance among patients with chronic stroke [8, 9]. The use of MFES for acute stroke combined with treadmill training may also be feasible and safe [10, 11] and may enhance acute recovery.
Three-dimensional kinematic motion capture systems (3D-MoCap) are one of the most accurate investigation tools for gait analysis. They can provide joint and segment kinematics, gait parameters, and can determine phases of the gait cycle. Nowadays, due to advanced computer technologies, 3D-MoCap can be used to create dynamic visualisation of lower-limb movement which provide patients after stroke with real-time visual feedback for motor relearning [12, 13]. It can also provide patients with a real-time feedback-controlled treadmill that adjusts continuously the treadmill speed to the patients’ gait speed which is called self-paced treadmill walking [14]. Treadmill training with or without body-weight support has been shown to increase walking speed and capacity but not to achieve greater levels of independent walking. However, treadmill training augmented by real-time visualisation feedback and computer-controlled FES may have a beneficial synergistic effect [15] and may enhance recovery. Hence, the present study aims to develop a 3D-MoCap based MFES system and to determine the feasibility of the treadmill training enhanced with real-time visual feedback and computerised FES for gait rehabilitation among patients after stroke.
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