You Goddamned lazy assholes. Schadenfreude is going to be tough for you.
http://www.mdlinx.com/internal-medicine/medical-news-article/2016/07/21/stroke/6759391/?
The Lancet, 07/21/2016
Researchers
explored different regions of the world, and key populations to
quantify the importance of potentially modifiable risk factors and
primary pathological subtypes of for stroke. The results revealed
important regional variations in the relative importance of most
individual risk factors for stroke, which could contribute to worldwide
variations in frequency and case–mix of stroke and preventing stroke by
developing both global and region–specific programmes.
Methods
- Standardised international case–control study was performed in 32 countries in Asia, America, Europe, Australia, the Middle East, and Africa, in cases with acute first stroke patients(within 5 days of symptom onset and 72 h of hospital admission).
- Hospital–based or community–based individuals with no history of stroke were recruited in a 1:1 ratio, for age and sex, and were taken as controls and matched with cases.
- Clinical assessment of all patients was done and their blood and urine samples were collected.
- Odds ratios (OR) and their population attributable risks (PARs) with 99% confidence intervals, were calculated
Results
- 26919 participants were recruited from 32 countries (13447 cases [10388 with ischaemic stroke and 3059 intracerebral haemorrhage] and 13472 controls), between Jan 11, 2007, and Aug 8, 2015.
- Previous history of hypertension or blood pressure of 140/90 mm Hg or higher (OR 2·98, 99% CI 2·72–3·28; PAR 47·9%, 99% CI 45·1–50·6), regular physical activity (0·60, 0·52–0·70; 35·8%, 27·7–44·7), apolipoprotein (Apo)B/ApoA1 ratio (1·84, 1·65–2·06 for highest vs lowest tertile; 26·8%, 22·2–31·9 for top two tertiles vs lowest tertile), diet (0·60, 0·53–0·67 for highest vs lowest tertile of modified Alternative Healthy Eating Index [mAHEI]; 23·2%, 18·2–28·9 for lowest two tertiles vs highest tertile of mAHEI), waist–to–hip ratio (1·44, 1·27–1·64 for highest vs lowest tertile; 18·6%, 13·3–25·3 for top two tertiles vs lowest), psychosocial factors (2·20, 1·78–2·72; 17·4%, 13·1–22·6), current smoking (1·67, 1·49–1·87; 12·4%, 10·2–14·9), cardiac causes (3·17, 2·68–3·75; 9·1%, 8·0–10·2), alcohol consumption (2·09, 1·64–2·67 for high or heavy episodic intake vs never or former drinker; 5·8%, 3·4–9·7 for current alcohol drinker vs never or former drinker), and diabetes mellitus (1·16, 1·05–1·30; 3·9%, 1·9–7·6) were associated with all stroke.
- These risk factors, collectively accounted for 90·7% of the PAR for all stroke worldwide (91·5% for ischaemic stroke, 87·1% for intracerebral haemorrhage), and were consistent across regions (ranging from 82·7% in Africa to 97·4% in southeast Asia), sex (90·6% in men and in women), and age groups (92·2% in patients aged <=55 years, 90·0% in patients aged >55 years).
- Regional variations in the importance of individual risk factors, which were related to variations in the magnitude of ORs (rather than direction, which was observed for diet) and differences in prevalence of risk factors among regions were observed.
- The results suggested that association of hypertension was more with intracerebral haemorrhage as compared to ischaemic stroke whereas current smoking, diabetes, apolipoproteins, and cardiac causes were more associated with ischaemic stroke (p<0·0001).
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