Optimization of Nutrition after Brain Injury: Mechanistic and Therapeutic Considerations

But I don't see the creation of a diet protocol for all these needs: 

For dementia prevention; for cognitive improvement; for cholesterol reduction; for plaque removal; for Parkinsons prevention; for inflammation reduction; etc.

Optimization of Nutrition after Brain Injury: Mechanistic and Therapeutic Considerations

¹,

Stan G. Louie

⁴,

Patrick D. Lyden

⁵ and

Arthur Partikian

⁶

¹

Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, The University of Southern California, 1540 Alcazar Street, Suite 215, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA

²

UCLA Health, University of California, 100 Medical Plaza, Suite 345, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA

³

Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, The University of Southern California, 1500 San Pablo Street, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA

⁴

Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, The University of Southern California, 1985 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA

⁵

Department of Neurology, Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, The University of Southern California, 1540 Alcazar Street, Suite 215, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA

⁶

Department of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, The University of Southern California, 2010 Zonal Avenue, Building B, 3P61, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Biomedicines 2023, 11(9), 2551; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11092551

Received: 5 August 2023 / Revised: 13 September 2023 / Accepted: 14 September 2023 / Published: 17 September 2023

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Mechanisms and Novel Therapies for Brain Injury)

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Abstract

Emerging science continues to establish the detrimental effects of malnutrition in acute neurological diseases such as traumatic brain injury, stroke, status epilepticus and anoxic brain injury. The primary pathological pathways responsible for secondary brain injury include neuroinflammation, catabolism, immune suppression and metabolic failure, and these are exacerbated by malnutrition. Given this, there is growing interest in novel nutritional interventions to promote neurological recovery after acute brain injury. In this review, we will describe how malnutrition impacts the biomolecular mechanisms of secondary brain injury in acute neurological disorders, and how nutritional status can be optimized in both pediatric and adult populations. We will further highlight emerging therapeutic approaches, including specialized diets that aim to resolve neuroinflammation, immunodeficiency and metabolic crisis, by providing pre-clinical and clinical evidence that their use promotes neurologic recovery. Using nutrition as a targeted treatment is appealing for several reasons that will be discussed. Given the high mortality and both short- and long-term morbidity associated with acute brain injuries, novel translational and clinical approaches are needed.