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Daily Life Upper Limb Activity for Patients with Match and Mismatch between Observed Function and Perceived Activity in the Chronic Phase Post Stroke
Bea Essers
1,
* , Marjan Coremans
1
, Janne Veerbeek
2
, Andreas Luft
3,4
and Geert Verheyden
1
Citation: Essers, B.; Coremans, M.;
Veerbeek, J.; Luft, A.; Verheyden, G.
Daily Life Upper Limb Activity for
Patients with Match and Mismatch
between Observed Function and
Perceived Activity in the Chronic
Phase Post Stroke. Sensors 2021, 21,
5917. https://doi.org/10.3390/
s21175917
Academic Editor: James F. Rusling
Received: 26 July 2021
Accepted: 28 August 2021
Published: 2 September 2021
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4.0/).
1
Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium;
marjan.coremans@kuleuven.be (M.C.); geert.verheyden@kuleuven.be (G.V.)
2
Luzerner Kantonsspital, Neurocenter, 6000 Lucerne, Switzerland; janne.veerbeek@luks.ch
3
Division of Vascular Neurology and Neurorehabilitation, Department of Neurology and Clinical
Neuroscience Center, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland;
andreas.luft@usz.ch
4
Cereneo, Center for Neurology and Rehabilitation, 6354 Vitznau, Switzerland
* Correspondence: bea.essers@kuleuven.be
Abstract:
We investigated actual daily life upper limb (UL) activity in relation to observed UL motor
function and perceived UL activity in chronic stroke in order to better understand and improve
UL activity in daily life. In 60 patients, we collected (1) observed UL motor function (Fugl-Meyer
Assessment (FMA-UE)), (2) perceived UL activity (hand subscale of the Stroke Impact Scale (SIS-
Hand)), and (3) daily life UL activity (bilateral wrist-worn accelerometers for 72 h) data. Data
were compared between two groups of interest, namely (1) good observed (FMA-UE >50) function
and good perceived (SIS-Hand >75) activity (good match, n = 16) and (2) good observed function
but low perceived (SIS-Hand ≤75) activity (mismatch, n = 15) with Mann–Whitney U analysis.
The mismatch group only differed from the good match group in perceived UL activity (median
(Q1–Q3) = 50 (30–70) versus 93 (85–100); p < 0.001). Despite similar observed UL motor function
and other clinical characteristics, the affected UL in the mismatch group was less active in daily life
compared to the good match group (p = 0.013), and the contribution of the affected UL compared to
the unaffected UL for each second of activity (magnitude ratio) was lower (p = 0.022). We conclude
that people with chronic stroke with low perceived UL activity indeed tend to use their affected UL
less in daily life despite good observed UL motor function.
Keywords: stroke; upper limb sensor activity; patient-reported outcome measures
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