Ok, I'm probably a caffeine addict. You'll have to pry it from my cold dead hands or find the cure to stroke fatigue. Great, I now have a mental disorder to join my other ones.
Caffeine Use Disorder: A Comprehensive Review and Research Agenda
Steven E. Meredith,1 Laura M. Juliano,2 John R. Hughes,3,4 and Roland R. Griffiths1,5
1Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
2Department of Psychology, American University, Washington, District of Columbia.
3Department of Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont.
4Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont.
5Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
ABSTRACT
Caffeine
is the most commonly used drug in the world. Although consumption of
low to moderate doses of caffeine is generally safe, an increasing
number of clinical studies are showing that some caffeine users become
dependent on the drug and are unable to reduce consumption despite
knowledge of recurrent health problems associated with continued use.
Thus, the World Health Organization and some health care professionals
recognize caffeine dependence as a clinical disorder. In this
comprehensive literature review, we summarize published research on the
biological evidence for caffeine dependence; we provide a systematic
review of the prevalence of caffeine dependence and rates of endorsement
of clinically meaningful indicators of distress and functional
impairment among habitual caffeine users; we discuss the diagnostic
criteria for Caffeine Use Disorder—a condition for further study
included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.);
and we outline a research agenda to help guide future clinical,
epidemiological, and genetic investigations of caffeine dependence.
Numerous controlled laboratory investigations reviewed in this article
show that caffeine produces behavioral and physiological effects similar
to other drugs of dependence. Moreover, several recent clinical studies
indicate that caffeine dependence is a clinically meaningful disorder
that affects a nontrivial proportion of caffeine users. Nevertheless,
more research is needed to determine the reliability, validity, and
prevalence of this clinically important health problem.
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