http://online.liebertpub.com/doi/full/10.1089/jcr.2013.1224
One Q&A here, rest at link.
An Interview with Neal D. Freedman, PhD, MPH
The main impetus for this interview is your recent paper in the New England Journal of Medicine in which you report results from a large cohort study concerning coffee and mortality.1 Maybe a good place to start would be for you to summarize the main features of that study and what was found.
Okay, sure. We looked at the association in the NIH AARP Diet and Health Study, which is a large cohort of about 500,000 participants. We excluded participants who had cancer before the study began and those who had reported that they had heart disease, including stroke, as we were concerned that there might be an effect of having a chronic disease on coffee drinking.
Another feature of the study was that it was conducted among participants of AARP. AARP is a U.S. organization of people over the age of 50. So everyone in our study was between the ages of 50 and 71 years when our study started in 1995 to 1996.
We asked everybody at the start of the study—the 400,000 that were remaining after we excluded those with previous health conditions—we asked them about their coffee drinking and about their various different behaviors, such as smoking, physical activity, and also their educational status. We also had information on many different aspects of their diet.
Then we followed them over time. We followed them until 2008 and recorded if they were still alive or they had died, and if so what they had died of. This was from the death certificates.
What we found was that over the course of follow-up, there was an inverse association between coffee drinking and the risk of death overall and with a number of different causes as well. It was a modest association, and at the top categories of coffee drinking, there was only a 10% to 15% reduction in the risk of dying during follow-up.
The association was similar for men and women, and tended to get stronger as participants drank more coffee, though the result was very similar for those who drank two or three cups per day and those who drank more than that. The top category we had was six or more cups per day. And by cup, I mean a U.S. 8-ounce cup. This is what we found.
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