https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128037843000032
Abstract
Focal
ischemic stroke is in many ways reminiscent of an earthquake. Its
effects on structure and function are immediate and most strongly
experienced by those closest to it. During the initial stages, a
neurons’ first priority is survival and there are remarkable imaging
studies to show how resilient neuronal structure can be in the face of
death. For the neurons that do survive, they must overcome waves of
aberrant electrical activity, inflammation and other insults that
reverberate for days after stroke(neuronal cascade of death), and further strip them of their
synaptic connections. Once these stroke aftershocks have subsided,
neurons must rebuild and establish new and meaningful lines of
communication. Indeed, experimental data show that dendritic spine
formation, axonal growth, and synaptogenesis surge in the weeks that
follow stroke. This period of growth correlates with the emergence of
new receptive fields and patterns of brain activity that are considered
essential for recovering functions lost to stroke. This chapter will
highlight important experimental advances in this field, provide the
most up-to-date perspective on structural neuronal plasticity in the
stroke-affected brain, and define controversies for future studies to
resolve.
Keywords
- Stroke;
- dendrites;
- dendritic spines;
- axonal sprouting;
- plasticity;
- repair
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