http://advances.nutrition.org/content/8/6/804.short
+ Author Affiliations
- Address correspondence to BS-H (e-mail: barbara.shukitthale@ars.usda.gov).
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis, a complex process by
which stem cells in the hippocampal brain region differentiate and
proliferate into
new neurons and other resident brain cells, is
known to be affected by many intrinsic and extrinsic factors, including
diet.
Neurogenesis plays a critical role in neural
plasticity, brain homeostasis, and maintenance in the central nervous
system
and is a crucial factor in preserving the cognitive
function and repair of damaged brain cells affected by aging and brain
disorders. Intrinsic factors such as aging,
neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and brain injury, as well as
lifestyle factors
such as high-fat and high-sugar diets and alcohol
and opioid addiction, negatively affect adult neurogenesis. Conversely,
many dietary components such as curcumin,
resveratrol, blueberry polyphenols, sulforaphane, salvionic acid,
polyunsaturated
fatty acids (PUFAs), and diets enriched with
polyphenols and PUFAs, as well as caloric restriction, physical
exercise, and
learning, have been shown to induce neurogenesis in
adult brains. Although many of the underlying mechanisms by which
nutrients
and dietary factors affect adult neurogenesis have
yet to be determined, nutritional approaches provide promising prospects
to stimulate adult neurogenesis and combat
neurodegenerative diseases and cognitive decline. In this review, we
summarize
the evidence supporting the role of nutritional
factors in modifying adult neurogenesis and their potential to preserve
cognitive
function during aging.
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