And how precisely will this get survivors recovered? Biomarkers are fucking useless to survivors.
Brain oscillatory activity as a biomarker of motor recovery in chronic stroke
Andreas M. Ray1| Thiago D. C. Figueiredo1| Eduardo López-Larraz1|Niels Birbaumer1| Ander Ramos-Murguialday1,21Institute of Medical Psychology andBehavioral Neurobiology, University ofTübingen, Tübingen, GermanyTECNALIA, Health Department, NeuralEngineering Laboratory, San Sebastián, SpainCorrespondenceAndreas M. Ray, Institute of MedicalPsychology and Behavioral Neurobiology,University of Tübingen, Silcherstraße5, Tübingen 72076, Germany.Email: andreas.ray@uni-tuebingen.deFunding informationBundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung,Grant/Award Numbers: 13GW0053,16SV7754; DeutscheForschungsgemeinschaft; DeutscherAkademischer Austauschdienst, Grant/AwardNumber: 91563355Abstract
In the present work, we investigated the relationship of oscillatory sensorimotor patients with severe upper-limb paralysis are the basis of the observational study presented here. These patients underwent an intervention including movement training based on combined brain–machine interfaces and physiotherapy of several weeks recorded in a double-blinded randomized clinical trial. We analyzed the alpha oscillations over the motor cortex of 22 of these patients employing multilevel linear predictive mode alpha desynchronization during rehabilitative intervention and clinical improvement. Moreover, we observed that the initial alpha desynchronization conditions its modulation during intervention: Patients showing a strong alpha desynchronization at the beginning of the training improved if they increased their alpha desynchronization. Patients showing a small alpha desynchronization at initial training stages improved if they decreased it further on both hemispheres. In all patients, a progressive shift of desynchronization toward the ipsilesional hemisphere correlates significantly with clinical improvement regardless of lesion location. The results indicate that initial alpha desynchronization might be key for stratification of patients undergoing BMI interventions and that its interhemispheric balance plays an important role in motor recovery.
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