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Goat milk attenuates mimetic aging related memory impairment via suppressing brain oxidative stress, neurodegeneration and modulating neurotrophic factors in d-galactose-induced aging model
Research Article
First Online:
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Abstract
One of the most significant hallmarks of aging is cognitive decline. d-galactose
administration may impair memory and mimic the effects of natural
aging. In this study, the efficiency of goat milk to protect against
memory decline was tested. Fifty-two male Sprague–Dawley rats were
randomly divided into four groups: (i) control group, (ii) goat milk
treated group, (iii) d-galactose treated group, and (iv) goat milk plus d-galactose treated group. Subcutaneous injections of d-galactose at 120 mg/kg and oral administrations of goat milk at 1 g/kg were chosen for the study. Goat milk and d-galactose
were administered concomitantly for 6 weeks, while the control group
received saline. After 6 weeks, novel object recognition and T-maze
tests were performed to evaluate memory of rats. Following behavioral
tests, the animals were sacrificed, and right brain homogenates were
analyzed for levels of lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzymes and
neurotrophic factors. The left brain hemisphere was used for
histological study of prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. There was a
significant memory impairment, an increase in oxidative stress and
neurodegeneration and a reduction in antioxidant enzymes and
neurotrophic factors levels in the brain of d-galactose treated rats compared to controls. Goat milk treatment attenuated memory impairment induced by d-galactose
via suppressing oxidative stress and neuronal damage and increasing
neurotrophic factors levels, thereby suggesting its potential role as a
geroprotective food.
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