Ask your doctor what is the present status of robotic technologies? No knowledge, have everyone in that stroke hospital fired.
Robotics in shoulder rehabilitation
Giovanni Merolla
2014, Muscles, Ligaments and Tendons Journal
D. Cervesi Hospital, Cattolica, Italy
Corresponding author:
Giovanni Merolla
Unit of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery
Biomechanics Laboratory “Marco Simoncelli”
D. Cervesi Hospital, AUSL della Romagna Ambito
Territoriale di Rimini
L.V. Beethoven, 5
47841 Cattolica (RN), Italy
phone: +39 0541 966382
fax: +39 0541 966312
E-mail: giovannimerolla@hotmail.com;
giovanni.merolla@auslrn.net
have beneficial effect in the short term3-5. Traditional rehabilitation techniques rely on well-established standard exercises, carried out by a therapist during in-patient hospital care and continued at home. As the rehabilitation sessions require involvement of a therapist for each patient this entails human and financial resources. In the last decades, in order to meet the intensive, repetitive and task-oriented rehabilitation, numerous and extensive research programs have been conducted in the field of robotic rehabilitation1-4. These systems can provide external assistive support to the human body, helping patients to experience pre-programmed limb movements and to improve related sensory-motor functions through repetitive practices. This may allow the patient to extend their training sessions providing an objective measure of the repeatability that it is hard to achieve with conventional physiotherapy. Up to date, robotic rehabilitation of the upper extremity have focused on stroke survivors studies1,2,5 without significant applications in orthopaedics. Motor disorders of the upper extremities, following orthopaedic or neurological injuries, include joint and muscular stiffness, muscle weakness, spasms, disturbed muscle timing and reduced ability to selectively activate muscles with abnormal synergistic movement patterns of arm and shoulder girdle. In the rehabilitation field, disabilities, residual motor function and efficacy of treatment cannot be quantified reliably as semi-quantitative evaluation scales are the only established methods to assess motor functions and its changes. Robots could allow quantitative measures of physical properties in a wide range of variation with
levels of speed, accuracy, power and endurance over time that are unachievable by humans. Anyway, robots lack flexibility and adaptability, code-independent communication, high level information processing, detection and responsiveness to weak and otherwise undetected significant sensory inputs that characterize humans6-9. In the current study we describe the modern robotic systems for shoulder rehabilitation, focusing on the indications and other potential technologies that combined with robots can increase the benefits of rehabilitation to restore shoulder function.
2014, Muscles, Ligaments and Tendons Journal
D. Cervesi Hospital, Cattolica, Italy
Corresponding author:
Giovanni Merolla
Unit of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery
Biomechanics Laboratory “Marco Simoncelli”
D. Cervesi Hospital, AUSL della Romagna Ambito
Territoriale di Rimini
L.V. Beethoven, 5
47841 Cattolica (RN), Italy
phone: +39 0541 966382
fax: +39 0541 966312
E-mail: giovannimerolla@hotmail.com;
giovanni.merolla@auslrn.net
Summary
In the last few decades, several researches have been conducted in the field of robotic rehabilitation to meet the intensive, repetitive and task-oriented training, with the goal to recover the motor function. Up to now, robotic rehabilitation studies of the upper extremity have generally focused on stroke survivors leaving less explored the field of orthopaedic shoulder rehabilitation. In this review we analyse the present status of robotic technologies, in order to understand which are the current indications and which may be the future perspective for their application in both neurological and orthopaedic shoulder rehabilitation.Introduction
The aim of conventional rehabilitation is to recover the motor function using therapeutic exercises guided by a therapist who moves the patient’s body. An early and repetitive rehabilitation can substantially improve the long-term mobility of the shoulder in both neurological and orthopaedic patients1,2; furthermore, longer and more frequent training sessions have been shown tohave beneficial effect in the short term3-5. Traditional rehabilitation techniques rely on well-established standard exercises, carried out by a therapist during in-patient hospital care and continued at home. As the rehabilitation sessions require involvement of a therapist for each patient this entails human and financial resources. In the last decades, in order to meet the intensive, repetitive and task-oriented rehabilitation, numerous and extensive research programs have been conducted in the field of robotic rehabilitation1-4. These systems can provide external assistive support to the human body, helping patients to experience pre-programmed limb movements and to improve related sensory-motor functions through repetitive practices. This may allow the patient to extend their training sessions providing an objective measure of the repeatability that it is hard to achieve with conventional physiotherapy. Up to date, robotic rehabilitation of the upper extremity have focused on stroke survivors studies1,2,5 without significant applications in orthopaedics. Motor disorders of the upper extremities, following orthopaedic or neurological injuries, include joint and muscular stiffness, muscle weakness, spasms, disturbed muscle timing and reduced ability to selectively activate muscles with abnormal synergistic movement patterns of arm and shoulder girdle. In the rehabilitation field, disabilities, residual motor function and efficacy of treatment cannot be quantified reliably as semi-quantitative evaluation scales are the only established methods to assess motor functions and its changes. Robots could allow quantitative measures of physical properties in a wide range of variation with
levels of speed, accuracy, power and endurance over time that are unachievable by humans. Anyway, robots lack flexibility and adaptability, code-independent communication, high level information processing, detection and responsiveness to weak and otherwise undetected significant sensory inputs that characterize humans6-9. In the current study we describe the modern robotic systems for shoulder rehabilitation, focusing on the indications and other potential technologies that combined with robots can increase the benefits of rehabilitation to restore shoulder function.
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