With your risk of Parkinsons, you better hope your doctor has prevention protocols for that. I haven't seen any so I'm doing a pot of coffee(now decaf) a day hoping that my guess works.
Parkinson’s Disease May Have Link to Stroke March 2017
How coffee protects against Parkinson’s Aug. 2014
The latest here:
A Case–Control Study of the Effects of Chimarrão (Ilex paraguariensis) and Coffee on Parkinson's Disease
Márcio Schneider Medeiros1*, 
Artur Francisco Schumacher-Schuh1,2, Vivian Altmann3 and 
Carlos Roberto de Mello Rieder3- 1Serviço de Neurologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- 2Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- 3Departamento de Neurologia, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
Introduction: Coffee has been inversely associated with Parkinson's disease (PD) in many studies, and caffeine is the leading candidate to mediate this effect. Mate (Ilex paraguariensis, IP), a caffeinated beverage rich in antioxidants consumed in South America, was also inversely associated with PD in one study from Argentina. Other varieties of IP infusion, such as chimarrão, were never studied in PD. Chimarrão is a common caffeinated beverage consumed in Brazil made with the leaves and stems of IP.
Methods: A case–control study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between chimarrão ingestion and PD in southern Brazil. All subjects answered a questionnaire about the frequency of chimarrão and coffee intake. A multiple regression analysis adjusted for age and sex was performed to assess the association between PD and chimarrão consumption.
Results: We included 200 PD patients and 200 healthy controls. High consumption of chimarrão was inversely associated with PD (OR = 0.44, 95% CI = 0.24–0.81, P = 0.008). High consumption of coffee was also inversely associated with PD, as expected. Chimarrão remained associated when adjusted for coffee consumption, smoking history, and age (OR 0.46, 95% CI = 0.25–0.86, P = 0.014). These two exposures showed an additive effect.
Conclusion: Chimarrão consumption was inversely associated with PD, even after adjusting for coffee intake, suggesting a possible protective role. IP's effect can be mediated by caffeine and through its antioxidant components. Chimarrão has a lower concentration of caffeine compared with coffee and has numerous substances with antioxidative effects that may be important to PD protection. Further studies are needed to test this hypothesis.
Introduction
The etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) is not fully understood, and different environmental factors have been associated with PD. These factors are thought to either enhance the risk of developing the disease or provide a protective effect. Coffee is inversely associated with PD, and this effect seems to be mediated by caffeine (1). Several studies have found this association, supporting the evidence of the protective effect of caffeine in PD (1, 2), with a more evident outcome in men (2). Other caffeinated beverages have also been studied, especially tea (3), corroborating the protective role hypothesis of caffeine on PD. Caffeine acts on adenosine A2 receptors on dopaminergic D2 neurons in the substantia nigra, a mechanism potentially implicated with a neuroprotective effect (4). By antagonizing these receptors, caffeine alters dopamine transmission, protects against glutamatergic excitotoxicity, and frees radicals such as nitric oxide (5).
Chimarrão, a hot infusion of Ilex paraguariensis (IP), is a common caffeinated beverage consumed in Brazil. IP is a native plant from South America, and chimarrão was first consumed by its indigenous people. In the Seventeenth century, it was adopted by Spanish and Portuguese colonizers, and nowadays, it is consumed daily by ~30% of the population in southern Brazil (6). It is also popular in Uruguay, Argentina, and Paraguay, where it is called mate. However, chimarrão contains both leaves and stems, different from the mate consumed in Argentina, which is usually free of stems. Mate was previously associated with lower PD risk in Argentina, and caffeine was considered the probable mediator of this effect (7). Previous studies have demonstrated a high content of antioxidants and substances with iron chelation properties in IP, which could elicit a potential protective effect on PD (8, 9). In a recent study by Bernardi et al. (10), they demonstrated that IP may have a strong neuroprotective activity on dopaminergic neurons, preventing their death with a dose-dependent effect (10).
The hypothesis of a neuroprotective effect of IP infusions on PD is understudied. Whether this effect is due to caffeine alone or in combination with antioxidants is yet to be demonstrated. We conducted a case–control study to further investigate the effect of IP on PD.
No comments:
Post a Comment