Sounds like something we need in order for neurons to create a detour around our dead areas. Ask your doctor for a protocol.
http://www.sciencecodex.com/longdistance_distress_signal_from_periphery_of_injured_nerve_cells_begins_with_locally_made_protein-95725
When the longest cells in the body are injured at their farthest
reaches, coordinating the cells' repair is no easy task. This is in part
because these peripheral nerve cells can be extremely long – up to one
meter in adult humans – which is a lot of distance for a molecular
distress signal to cover in order to reach the "command center" of the
cell's nucleus.
Scientists have believed this process to be even more challenging
because their textbook understanding for many years has been that the
axons – the long extensions of nerve cells away from the main cell body
containing the nucleus – do not manufacture the proteins involved in the
molecular signal themselves. Yet, in recent years, some scientists have
begun to challenge that textbook understanding, with preliminary
evidence that one key protein involved in setting off a distress signal
for cellular repair, known as importin beta1, was locally produced in
the axons. They just weren't sure how.
"Now these textbooks need to be rewritten," said Dr. Jeffery Twiss, a
professor and head of the department of biology in Drexel University's
College of Arts and Sciences. Twiss co-authored new research recently
published in Neuron, led by collaborators from the Weizmann
Institute of Science. "Our new research is one of the strongest
indicators yet of molecular signaling from end to end in peripheral
nerve cells."
These researchers have provided strong new evidence that the protein
importin beta1 is indeed produced locally in the axons of peripheral
nerve cells. They also found that the version of the protein, when found
in the axon, is made using a different molecular recipe than the
version found in the nucleus, where it performs different essential cell
functions. These discoveries may help scientists better understand how
subsequent steps operate in the distress signal and in nerve cell
repair, so they can eventually control and enhance the process to speed
up recovery from nerve injuries.
Finding this evidence was far from simple: Importins are so crucial
in the cell's nucleus that even the smallest embryo could not survive
without them. But Rotem Ben-Tov Perry, a research student at the
Weizmann Institute who was lead author of the new study, found a way to
distinguish the importin beta1 in the cell body from that in the axon:
The axonal protein was apparently made from a longer version of
messenger RNA, the cell's working recipe for building a protein. To see
if they could selectively affect just the axonal version of the protein,
the Weizmann researchers worked with Drexel's Twiss to take advantage
of high precision knock-out technology. Rather than knocking a whole
gene out of the system, they managed to remove one little piece of the
messenger RNA's recipe for manufacturing importins -just the longer bit
that sends the RNA to the axon.
Now they observed plenty of importin beta1 in the cell body, but none
in the axons. With the axonal segment of RNA knocked out of the recipe
for importin beta1, a mouse embryo still had the importin it needed near
the nucleus of its cells to grow and develop into a living animal – but
it took much longer to recover from peripheral nerve injury. Genes that
are normally active in response to nerve damage were activated to a
lesser degree. All of this suggests that the importin beta1 that
normally helps inform the extended nerve cell about injury is, indeed,
produced locally in the axon – and that this protein found in the axon
is a key part of the nerve repair signaling process.
"The data shows conclusively that importin beta1 protein is produced
in axons, Rotem's work has validated the importins' crucial role in
nerve repair," said Dr. Michael Fainzilber, senior author and professor
at the Weizmann Institute.
Twiss said that next steps will be to better describe how the
signaling process involving importin beta1 delivers a signal to begin
nerve cell repair and, ultimately, develop strategies to better control
these molecular steps of the repair mechanisms to improve nerve cell
regeneration after injury.
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Friday, February 8, 2013
Long-distance distress signal from periphery of injured nerve cells begins with locally made protein
Labels:
doctor question,
importin beta1,
injury,
proteins,
repair
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