ASA - Dr. Mariel Jessup, Whom are you going to assign to this task?
NSA - Mr. Baranski, Whom are you going to assign to this task?
WSO - Dr. Stephen Davis, Whom are you going to assign to this task?
http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fncel.2014.00207/full?Stem Cells
In recent years stem cell therapy has emerged as a
potential treatment for neonatal ischemic brain injury. The efficacy of
cell- based therapies in restoring damaged brain tissue has been tested
in a multitude of models for different CNS diseases. Several different
stem and progenitor cell populations have been utilized as cell-based
therapy, including neural stem cells, embryonic stem cells, human
umbilical cord blood cells (HUBCs), hematopoietic stem and progenitor
cells, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Most stem cell types appear to
enhance recovery to some extent (Pimentel-Coelho and Mendez-Otero, 2010).
However, because of their low immunogenicity, availability and positive
results obtained from preclinical studies, MSCs are a particularly
promising candidate to repair the devastating effects that are
associated with neonatal stroke. MSCs were first isolated and identified
in bone marrow, but can now be isolated from many tissues, including
adipose tissue, muscle, skin and extraembryonic tissues like the
placenta, umbilical cord and Wharton's jelly. The latter sources are of
particular interest for neonates that experience an ischemic event
around the time of birth, at which time cells can be harvested and
transplanted from an autologous source. MSCs derived from different
sources have slightly different characteristics, but as of yet it is
unknown whether this influences their therapeutic potential.
Our group and others have shown that administration of
MSCs reduces lesion volume, provides positive effects on the white
matter and improves motor function (van Velthoven et al., 2012).
Numerous studies have been done under the premise that transplanted
stem cells contribute to brain repair by directly replacing damaged or
lost tissue. While there is evidence that transplanted cells undergo
differentiation toward neuronal lineages, improved outcomes have been
observed even when survival of transplanted cells is low and engrafted
cells are absent. This suggests that rather than replacing damaged
cells, transplanted cells may improve outcome via indirect mechanisms.
For example, MSCs have been shown to secrete many factors that can
influence important processes like apoptosis, neurogenesis, angiogenesis
and synaptogenesis.
More pages at link.
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