So it is more difficult to solve that you expected. WHAT THE FUCK IS YOUR STRATEGY TO SOLVE IT? I'm guessing burying your head in the sand because
you are waiting for SOMEONE ELSE TO SOLVE THE PROBLEM. That behavior would get you fired in my book.
Neuroinflammation: friend and foe for ischemic stroke
Abstract
Stroke,
the third leading cause of death and disability worldwide, is
undergoing a change in perspective with the emergence of new ideas on
neurodegeneration. The concept that stroke is a disorder solely of blood
vessels has been expanded to include the effects of a detrimental
interaction between glia, neurons, vascular cells, and matrix
components, which is collectively referred to as the neurovascular unit.
Following the acute stroke, the majority of which are ischemic, there
is secondary neuroinflammation that both promotes further injury,
resulting in cell death, but conversely plays a beneficial role, by
promoting recovery. The proinflammatory signals from immune mediators
rapidly activate resident cells and influence infiltration of a wide
range of inflammatory cells (neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages,
different subtypes of T cells, and other inflammatory cells) into the
ischemic region exacerbating brain damage. In this review, we discuss
how neuroinflammation has both beneficial as well as detrimental roles
and recent therapeutic strategies to combat pathological responses.
Here, we also focus on time-dependent entry of immune cells to the
ischemic area and the impact of other pathological mediators, including
oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs),
high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), arachidonic acid metabolites,
mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and post-translational
modifications that could potentially perpetuate ischemic brain damage
after the acute injury. Understanding the time-dependent role of
inflammatory factors could help in developing new diagnostic,
prognostic, and therapeutic neuroprotective strategies for post-stroke
inflammation.(What is your strategy for creating these solutions?)
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