Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Ischemic Stroke: A Mendelian Randomization Study

Useless.  Described a problem but did nothing to prevent that problem(risk of stroke) from happening.

Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Ischemic Stroke: A Mendelian Randomization Study

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Runming Du, Yi Zhou, Chong You, ...

First Published June 7, 2022 Research Article 

https://doi.org/10.1177/17474930221108272

Article information

Abstract

Background: 

Observational studies have found an association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and ischemic stroke.

Aims: 

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether genetic liability to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder has a causal effect on ischemic stroke and its subtypes.

Methods: 

In this 2-sample Mendelian randomization study, genetic variants (9 single nucleotide polymorphisms; P < 5 × 10-8) using as instrumental variables for the analysis was obtained from a genome-wide association study of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder with 19,099 cases and 34,194 controls. The outcome datasets for stroke and its subtypes were obtained from the MEGASTROKE consortium, with 40,585 cases and 406,111 controls. Mendelian randomization inverse-variance weighted method was conducted to investigate the effect of genetic liability to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder on ischemic stroke and its subtypes. Sensitivity analyses (median-based methods, Mendelian randomization–Egger, Mendelian randomization–robust adjusted profile scores, Mendelian randomization–pleiotropy residual sum and outlier) were also utilized to assess horizontal pleiotropy and remove outliers. Multivariable Mendelian randomization analyses were conducted to explore potential mediators.

Results: 

Genetically determined attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (per one SD) was significantly associated with a higher risk of any ischemic stroke (odds ratio (OR) = 1.15, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.05 - 1.25, P = .002) and large-artery atherosclerotic stroke (OR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.10 - 1.76, P = .005). The significant association was also found in sensitivity analyses and multivariable Mendelian randomization analyses.

Conclusions: 

Genetic liability to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder was significantly associated with an increased risk of any ischemic stroke, especially large-artery atherosclerotic stroke. The association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and large-artery atherosclerotic stroke was independent of age of smoking initiation but mediated by coronary artery disease.

Keywords

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, Ischemic stroke, Ischemic stroke subtypes, Shared genetics, Mendelian randomization, Stroke

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