Deans' stroke musings: Click chemistry extracellular vesicle/peptide/chemokine nanomissiles for treating central nervous systems injuries

Changing stroke rehab and research worldwide now.Time is Brain! trillions and trillions of neurons that DIE each day because there are NO effective hyperacute therapies besides tPA(only 12% effective). I have 523 posts on hyperacute therapy, enough for researchers to spend decades proving them out. These are my personal ideas and blog on stroke rehabilitation and stroke research. Do not attempt any of these without checking with your medical provider. Unless you join me in agitating, when you need these therapies they won't be there.

What this blog is for:

My blog is not to help survivors recover, it is to have the 10 million yearly stroke survivors light fires underneath their doctors, stroke hospitals and stroke researchers to get stroke solved. 100% recovery. The stroke medical world is completely failing at that goal, they don't even have it as a goal. Shortly after getting out of the hospital and getting NO information on the process or protocols of stroke rehabilitation and recovery I started searching on the internet and found that no other survivor received useful information. This is an attempt to cover all stroke rehabilitation information that should be readily available to survivors so they can talk with informed knowledge to their medical staff. It lays out what needs to be done to get stroke survivors closer to 100% recovery. It's quite disgusting that this information is not available from every stroke association and doctors group.

Thursday, June 16, 2022

Click chemistry extracellular vesicle/peptide/chemokine nanomissiles for treating central nervous systems injuries

Now if we only had ANY stroke leadership at all we could contact them to get this tested in humans. But nothing will occur, nobody has any intention of actually solving stroke.

YaohuiTang^d WenguoCui^a^b

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsb.2022.06.007 Get rights and content

Under a Creative Commons license

Open access

Abstract

Central nervous system (CNS) injuries, including stroke, traumatic brain injury, and spinal cord injury, are essential causes of death and long-term disability and difficult to cure, mainly due to the limited neuron regeneration and the formation of the glial scar. Herein, we apply extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by M2 microglia to improve the differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) at the injured site, and simultaneously modify them with the injured vascular targeting peptide (DA7R) and the stem cell recruiting factor (SDF-1) on their surface via copper-free click chemistry to recruit NSCs, inducing their neuronal differentiation, and serving as the nanomissiles at the injured site (Dual-EV). Results prove that the Dual-EV holds the ability to target human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs), recruit NSCs, and promote the neuronal differentiation of NSCs in vitro. 10 miRNAs were found to be upregulated in Dual-M2-EVs compared to Dual-M0-EVs via bioinformatic analysis, and further NSC differentiation experiment by flow cytometry revealed that among these miRNAs, miR30b-3p, miR-222-3p, miR-129-5p, and miR-155-5p may exert effect of inducing NSC to differentiate into neurons. In vivo experiments show that Dual-EV nanomissiles achieve improved accumulation in the ischemic area of stroke model mice, potentiate NSCs recruitment, and increase neurogenesis. This work provides new insights for the treatment of neuronal regeneration after CNS injuries as well as endogenous stem cells, and the click chemistry EV/peptide/chemokine and related nanomissiles for improving human health.

Graphical abstract

Click chemistry extracellular vesicle/peptide/chemokine nanomissiles repair central nervous systems (CNS) injuries by targeting blood vessels, recruiting neural stem cells (NSCs) and inducing their differentiation into neurons.