7. Wei N., et al. Delayed intranasal delivery ofhypoxic-preconditioned bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells enhanced cell homing andtherapeutic benefits after ischemic stroke in mice. Cell Transplantation, 2013. 22(6) p. 977-991.
And this from Dec. 2016:
How to Improve Your Memory, Mood and Energy with Intranasal Insulin
The latest here:
Intranasal insulin in Alzheimer’s dementia or mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review
Abstract
Background and aims
Due
to common pathophysiological findings of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) with
diabetes mellitus (DM), insulin has been suggested as a possible
treatment of AD or mild cognitive impairment (MCI). A safe alternative
of IV insulin is intranasal (IN) insulin. The aim of this systematic
review is to investigate the effects of IN insulin on cognitive function
of patients with either AD or MCI.
Methods
A
literature search of the electronic databases Medline, Scopus and
CENTRAL was performed to identify RCTs investigating the effect of IN
insulin administration on cognitive tasks, in patients with AD or MCI.
Results
Seven
studies (293 patients) met our inclusion criteria. Most studies showed
that verbal memory and especially story recall was improved after IN
insulin administration. Sometimes the effect was restricted for apoe4
(−) patients. Intranasal insulin did not affect other cognitive
functions. However, there were some positive results in functional
status and daily activity. Data suggested that different insulin types
and doses may have different effects on different apoe4 groups. In
addition, the effects of treatment on Αβ levels differed from study to
study. Finally, IN insulin resulted in minor adverse effects.
Conclusions
Intranasal
insulin improved story recall performance of apoe4 (−) patients with AD
or MCI. Other cognitive functions were not affected, but there were
some positive results in functional status and daily activity. Since IN
insulin is a safe intervention, future studies should be conducted with
larger doses and after proper selection of patients and insulin types.
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