Reviews like this are totally fucking useless, your stroke doctors and hospitals don't either read or implement research and survivors can't find and translate this to protocols to bring it to their stroke medical professionals attention.
Effects of robot-assisted therapy on stroke rehabilitation in upper limbs: Systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature
Nahid Norouzi-Gheidari, MSc, OT;
*
Philippe S. Archambault, PhD; Joyce Fung, PhD
School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Feil/Oberfeld/CRIR Research Centre, Jewish Rehabilitation Hospital, Laval, Quebec, Canada
Key words:
activities of daily living, cerebrovascular accident,conventional therapy, Fugl-Meyer, Functional Independence Measure, intensive therapy, Motor Power Scale, Motor Status Scale, PEDro, randomized controlled trial.
INTRODUCTION
According to the World Health Organization, a stroke, also known as a cerebrovascular accident (CVA),is a sudden ischemic or hemorrhagic interruption in the blood flow supplying oxygen and nutrients to brain tissue. This event results in brain cell death and, consequently, partial loss of neurological function [1]. The occurrence of strokes has been progressively increasing.Currently, stroke is “the leading cause of adult disability in Western countries” [2] and one of the most common causes of death in the world [3]. The majority of people with stroke live with long-term disabilities leading to serious social and economic impacts. It is estimated that the direct and indirect cost of stroke care for the 6.5 million people living with the disability in the United States[4] was $73.7 billion for 2010 [5]. According to “Tracking Heart Disease and Stroke in Canada” for 2009, stroke and heart diseases cost more than $22.2 billion annually[6]. These numbers will continue to rise as the population ages and people live longer.
Abbreviations:
ADL = activities of daily living, CI = confidence interval, CT = conventional therapy, CVA = cerebrovascular accident, F-M = Fugl-Meyer, FIM = Functional Independence Measure, MeSH = Medical Subject Headings,MPS = Motor Power Scale, MSS = Motor Status Scale, PEDro =Physiotherapy Evidence Database, RCT = randomized controlled trial, RT = robot-assisted therapy, SMD = standardized mean difference, UL = upper limb.
*
Address all correspondence to Nahid Norouzi-Gheidari,MSc, OT; School of Physical and Occupational Therapy,McGill University, 3654 Prom Sir William Osler, Montreal,Quebec, Canada, H3G 1Y5; 514-398-4500; fax: 514-398-6360. Email:nahid.norouzi@mail.mcgill.ca
http://dx.doi.org/10.1682/JRRD.2010.10.0210
*
Philippe S. Archambault, PhD; Joyce Fung, PhD
School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Feil/Oberfeld/CRIR Research Centre, Jewish Rehabilitation Hospital, Laval, Quebec, Canada
Abstract—
We systematically reviewed and analyzed the literature to find randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that employed robotic devices in upper-limb rehabilitation of people with stroke. Out of 574 studies, 12 matching the selection criteria were found. The Fugl-Meyer, Functional Independence Measure, Motor Power Scale, and Motor Status Scale outcome measures from the selected RCTs were pooled together, and the corresponding effect sizes were estimated. We found that when the duration/intensity of conventional therapy (CT) is matched with that of the robot-assisted therapy (RT), no difference exists between the intensive CT and RT groups in terms of motor recovery, activities of daily living, strength, and motor control. However, depending on the stage of recovery, extra sessions of RT in addition to regular CT are more beneficial than regular CT alone in motor recovery of the hemiparetic shoulder and elbow of patients with stroke; gains are similar to those that have been observed in intensive CT.Key words:
activities of daily living, cerebrovascular accident,conventional therapy, Fugl-Meyer, Functional Independence Measure, intensive therapy, Motor Power Scale, Motor Status Scale, PEDro, randomized controlled trial.
INTRODUCTION
According to the World Health Organization, a stroke, also known as a cerebrovascular accident (CVA),is a sudden ischemic or hemorrhagic interruption in the blood flow supplying oxygen and nutrients to brain tissue. This event results in brain cell death and, consequently, partial loss of neurological function [1]. The occurrence of strokes has been progressively increasing.Currently, stroke is “the leading cause of adult disability in Western countries” [2] and one of the most common causes of death in the world [3]. The majority of people with stroke live with long-term disabilities leading to serious social and economic impacts. It is estimated that the direct and indirect cost of stroke care for the 6.5 million people living with the disability in the United States[4] was $73.7 billion for 2010 [5]. According to “Tracking Heart Disease and Stroke in Canada” for 2009, stroke and heart diseases cost more than $22.2 billion annually[6]. These numbers will continue to rise as the population ages and people live longer.
Abbreviations:
ADL = activities of daily living, CI = confidence interval, CT = conventional therapy, CVA = cerebrovascular accident, F-M = Fugl-Meyer, FIM = Functional Independence Measure, MeSH = Medical Subject Headings,MPS = Motor Power Scale, MSS = Motor Status Scale, PEDro =Physiotherapy Evidence Database, RCT = randomized controlled trial, RT = robot-assisted therapy, SMD = standardized mean difference, UL = upper limb.
*
Address all correspondence to Nahid Norouzi-Gheidari,MSc, OT; School of Physical and Occupational Therapy,McGill University, 3654 Prom Sir William Osler, Montreal,Quebec, Canada, H3G 1Y5; 514-398-4500; fax: 514-398-6360. Email:nahid.norouzi@mail.mcgill.ca
http://dx.doi.org/10.1682/JRRD.2010.10.0210
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