http://www.nature.com/ncb/journal/v14/n4/full/ncb2469.html
Although the road to cell therapeutics is rife with uncertainties — scientific, clinical and economic — its success could transform medicine. Five years into its mission, the California Institute of Regenerative Medicine is laying a foundation for this new form of medical treatment.
The California Institute of Regenerative Medicine (CIRM) was established in 2004 by Proposition 71 (http://www.cirm.ca.gov/pdf/prop71.pdf), which mandated support of stem cell research through state funding. Funding began in 2006 and by the end of 2011, CIRM had awarded $1.4 billion in 450 grants to 59 institutions and companies in California. To date, CIRM has built 12 new institutes at a total cost of more than $1 billion, attracted many new scientists to the field, and brought 130 principle investigators to California. CIRM funding has supported scientific advances reported in over 1,000 papers.
CIRM's basic research portfolio, with its focus on human development and disease, has been critical for unravelling gene networks underlying differentiation of human cell lineages, with the ultimate aim of manufacturing cells, tissues and organs for transplantation. Furthermore, programmes for studying stem cell renewal and endogenous regeneration are also moving along productively. Insights to human disease mechanisms are being illuminated by patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), including lines created to understand cellular pathologies of previously experimentally inaccessible neurological disorders such as autism, schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease. CIRM will be funding an iPSC bank to make these resources available to the scientific community. Other promising avenues of research include understanding the role of tumour suppressors in regeneration, the role of small RNAs in directing cell fate, and developing cell therapies to control inflammation during disease progression.
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