http://rd.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11154-013-9279-z
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Abstract
Adult neural stem cells
contribute to neurogenesis and plasticity of the brain which is
essential for central regulation of systemic homeostasis. Damage to
these homeostatic components, depending on locations in the brain, poses
threat to impaired neurogenesis, neurodegeneration, cognitive loss and
energy imbalance. Recent research has identified brain metabolic
inflammation via proinflammatory IκB kinase-β (IKKβ) and its downstream
nuclear transcription factor NF-κB pathway as a non-classical linker of
metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders. Chronic activation of the
pathway results in impairment of energy balance and nutrient metabolism,
impediment of neurogenesis, neural stem cell proliferation and
differentiation, collectively converging on metabolic and cognitive
decline. Hypothalamic IKKβ/NF-κB via inflammatory crosstalk between
microglia and neurons has been discovered to direct systemic aging by
inhibiting the production of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and
inhibition of inflammation or GnRH therapy could revert aging related
degenerative symptoms at least in part. This article reviews the crucial
role of hypothalamic inflammation in affecting neural stem cells which
mediates the neurodegenerative mechanisms of causing metabolic
derangements as well as aging-associated disorders or diseases.
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