A 'switch' in Alzheimer's and stroke patient brains that prevents the generation and survival of neurons
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Aerobic exercise effects on neuroprotection and brain repair following stroke: A systematic review and perspective
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Check access- DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2014.06.007
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Highlights
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- Exercise 24–48 h post-stroke reduced lesion volume more than later onset exercise.
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- Post-stroke exercise effects on the older brain and in the long term are not known.
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- Moderate intensity is most effective in reducing lesion volume.
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- Moderate intensity exercise decreases inflammation and increases neurogenesis.
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- Higher intensity exercise increases angiogenesis in perilesional area and striatum.
Abstract
Aerobic
exercise (AE) enhances neuroplasticity and improves functional outcome
in animal models of stroke, however the optimal parameters (days
post-stroke, intensity, mode, and duration) to influence brain repair
processes are not known. We searched PubMed, CINAHL, PsychInfo, the
Cochrane Library, and the Central Register of Controlled Clinical
Trials, using predefined criteria, including all years up to July 2013
(English language only). Clinical studies were included if participants
had experienced an ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke. We included animal
studies that utilized any method of global or focal ischemic stroke or
intracerebral hemorrhage. Any intervention utilizing AE-based activity
with the intention of improving cardiorespiratory fitness was included.
Of the 4250 titles returned, 47 studies (all in animal models) met
criteria and measured the effects of exercise on brain repair parameters
(lesion volume, oxidative damage, inflammation and cell death,
neurogenesis, angiogenesis and markers of stress). Our synthesized
findings show that early-initiated (24–48 h post-stroke) moderate forced
exercise (10 m/min, 5–7 days per week for about 30 min) reduced lesion
volume and protected perilesional tissue against oxidative damage and
inflammation at least for the short term (4 weeks). The applicability
and translation of experimental exercise paradigms to clinical trials
are discussed.
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