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Abstract
Conflicts between immediately rewarding activities and
more enduringly valued goals abound in
the lives of school-age children. Such conflicts call
upon children to exercise self-control, a
competence which depends in large part on the mastery of
metacognitive, prospective strategies.
The process model of self-control organizes these
strategies into five families corresponding to
sequential phases in the process by which undesired and
desired impulses lose or gather force
over time: Situation selection and situation modification
strategies involve choosing or changing
physical or social circumstances. Attentional deployment
and cognitive change strategies involve
altering whether and how objective features of the
situation are mentally represented. Finally,
response modulation strategies involve the direct
suppression or elevation of impulses. The
process model of self-control predicts that strategies
deployed earlier in the process of impulse
generation and regulation will generally be more
effective than those deployed later.
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