http://circres.ahajournals.org/content/120/9/1379?etoc=
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Angiogenesis
can broadly be defined as the growth of new capillaries and blood
vessels. A complex set of multiphasic signaling pathways regulate
angiogenic blood vessel growth,1,2
and these pathways have been the target for both pro- and
antiangiogenic therapies. Angiogenesis is a fundamental physiological
process that is required for fetal development, wound healing, and
tissue repair after ischemic damage. For these reasons, promoting
proangiogenic pathways has therapeutic potential to combat diseases
where tissue blood flow is compromised, such as peripheral artery
disease, ischemic heart disease, or after ischemic stroke. Thus,
quantitative methods to assess the degree of angiogenic growth are
critical.
Article, see p 1453
Typically,
blood vessel density and the degree of angiogenic growth are quantified
histologically by counting the number of capillaries observed in a
defined cross section of tissue. When angiogenesis occurs, the ratio of
capillaries per tissue surface area increases. Functional measures of
angiogenesis include measuring perfusion to the tissue involved, and it
is typically expected that these parameters (vascular density and
perfusion) change in parallel. However, this is not always the case.1
In fact, injured tissue may demonstrate both an increase in capillary
density and an increase in blood flow but still have underperfused
areas. Such a discrepancy could be because of improper vasoregulation of
new vessels, or creation of arteriovenous anastomoses that maintain
overall tissue flow, …
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