Deans' stroke musings: Effects of rehabilitation training on apoptosis of nerve cells and the recovery of neural and motor functions in rats with ischemic stroke through the PI3K/Akt and Nrf2/ARE signaling pathways

Changing stroke rehab and research worldwide now.Time is Brain! trillions and trillions of neurons that DIE each day because there are NO effective hyperacute therapies besides tPA(only 12% effective). I have 523 posts on hyperacute therapy, enough for researchers to spend decades proving them out. These are my personal ideas and blog on stroke rehabilitation and stroke research. Do not attempt any of these without checking with your medical provider. Unless you join me in agitating, when you need these therapies they won't be there.

What this blog is for:

My blog is not to help survivors recover, it is to have the 10 million yearly stroke survivors light fires underneath their doctors, stroke hospitals and stroke researchers to get stroke solved. 100% recovery. The stroke medical world is completely failing at that goal, they don't even have it as a goal. Shortly after getting out of the hospital and getting NO information on the process or protocols of stroke rehabilitation and recovery I started searching on the internet and found that no other survivor received useful information. This is an attempt to cover all stroke rehabilitation information that should be readily available to survivors so they can talk with informed knowledge to their medical staff. It lays out what needs to be done to get stroke survivors closer to 100% recovery. It's quite disgusting that this information is not available from every stroke association and doctors group.

Tuesday, August 29, 2017

Effects of rehabilitation training on apoptosis of nerve cells and the recovery of neural and motor functions in rats with ischemic stroke through the PI3K/Akt and Nrf2/ARE signaling pathways

Better rehabilitation using these methods, but nothing will occur for stroke survivors since we have NO stroke strategy to update and NO stroke leadership to drive that strategy.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0361923017302381

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainresbull.2017.08.011

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Highlights

•: Rehabilitation training reduced apoptosis of hippocampal neurons.
•: Rehabilitation training activated PI3K/Akt and Nrf2/ARE signaling pathways.
•: Activated PI3K/Akt and Nrf2/ARE pathways improved neural and motor functions.
•: Activated PI3K/Akt and Nrf2/ARE pathways reduced apoptosis of hippocampal neurons.
•: Rehabilitation training is an effective treatment for neural deficits.

Abstract

This study was designed in order to investigate the effects between rehabilitation training on the apoptosis of nerve cells and the recovery of neural and motor functions of rats with ischemic stroke by way of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) and nuclear factor E2-related factor 2/antioxidant responsive element (Nrf2/ARE) signaling pathways. In total, 110 healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were selected in order to take part in this study. Ninety SD rats were used in order to establish the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), among which 80 rats were randomly assigned as part of the natural recovery, natural recovery + Rp-PI3K (the rats injected with PI3K/Akt inhibitor LY294002), rehabilitation training, and rehabilitation training + Rp-PI3K groups. Meanwhile, 20 rats were selected as part of the sham operation group. The neural and motor functions of these rats were evaluated using a balance beam test and the Bederson score. The mRNA expressions of PI3K, Akt, Nrf2 and HO-1 were measured using an RT-qPCR. The protein expressions of PI3K, p-PI3K, Akt, p-Akt, Nrf2 and HO-1 were also detected by using western blotting and the immunohistochemistry process. The cell cycle and cell apoptosis were detected by using a flow cytometry and TUNEL assay. The sham operation group exhibited lower neural and motor function scores than other groups. At the 7, 14, and 21 d marks of this study, the neural and motor function scores were increased in the natural recovery, natural recovery + Rp-PI3K, and rehabilitation training + Rp-PI3K groups in comparison with the rehabilitation training group but found to be decreased in the natural recovery group in comparison with the natural recovery + Rp-PI3K group. In comparison with the sham operation group, expressions of PI3K, Nrf2 and HO-1, and proportions of p-PI3 K/PI3 K and p-Akt/Akt were all higher in the natural recovery, rehabilitation training, and rehabilitation training + Rp-PI3K groups. Same trends were found in the rehabilitation training group in comparison with the natural recovery and rehabilitation training + Rp-PI3K groups, as well as in the natural recovery group in comparison with the natural recovery + Rp-PI3K group. In comparison with the sham operation and rehabilitation training groups, hippocampal nerve cells at G1 phase and the cells apoptosis were both elevated in the other three groups which were found to be decreased in the natural recovery group in comparison with the natural recovery + Rp-PI3K group. Our results indicated that the rehabilitation training can inhibit the apoptosis of nerve cells as well as promote the recovery of both neural and motor functions in rats with ischemic stroke by activation of the PI3K/Akt and Nrf2/ARE signaling pathways.