Useless, no protocol written up, no distribution worldwide to all 10 million yearly stroke survivors. Just a lazy writeup in a research journal that will never get anywhere close to stroke survivors. With the study not even being registered it will never be found and followed up.
Elements virtual rehabilitation improves motor, cognitive, and functional outcomes in adult stroke: evidence from a randomized controlled pilot study
- Jeffrey M. RogersEmail author,
- Jonathan Duckworth,
- Sandy Middleton,
- Bert SteenbergenView ORCID ID profile and
- Peter H. WilsonView ORCID ID profile
Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation201916:56
© The Author(s). 2019
- Received: 2 January 2019
- Accepted: 3 May 2019
- Published: 15 May 2019
Abstract
Background
Virtual reality technologies show potential as effective rehabilitation tools following neuro-trauma. In particular, the Elements
system, involving customized surface computing and tangible interfaces,
produces strong treatment effects for upper-limb and cognitive function
following traumatic brain injury. The present study evaluated the
efficacy of Elements as a virtual rehabilitation approach for stroke survivors.
Methods
Twenty-one adults (42–94 years old) with sub-acute stroke were randomized to four weeks of Elements
virtual rehabilitation (three weekly 30–40 min sessions) combined with
treatment as usual (conventional occupational and physiotherapy) or to
treatment as usual alone. Upper-limb skill (Box and Blocks Test),
cognition (Montreal Cognitive Assessment and selected CogState
subtests), and everyday participation (Neurobehavioral Functioning
Inventory) were examined before and after inpatient training, and
one-month later.
Results
Effect sizes for the experimental group (d = 1.05–2.51) were larger compared with controls (d = 0.11–0.86), with Elements training showing statistically greater improvements in motor function of the most affected hand (p = 0.008), and general intellectual status and executive function (p ≤ 0.001).
Proportional recovery was two- to three-fold greater than control
participants, with superior transfer to everyday motor, cognitive, and
communication behaviors. All gains were maintained at follow-up.
Conclusion
A course of Elements
virtual rehabilitation using goal-directed and exploratory upper-limb
movement tasks facilitates both motor and cognitive recovery after
stroke. The magnitude of training effects, maintenance of gains at
follow-up, and generalization to daily activities provide compelling
preliminary evidence of the power of virtual rehabilitation when applied
in a targeted and principled manner.
Trial registration
this pilot study was not registered.
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