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Abstract
Stroke remains a leading cause of adult motor disabilities in the world and accounts for the greatest number of hospitalizations for neurological disease. Stroke treatments/therapies need to promote neuroplasticity to improve motor function. Physical exercise is considered as a major candidate for ultimately promoting neural plasticity and could be used for different purposes in human and animal experiments.
First, acute exercise could be used as a diagnostic tool to understand new neural mechanisms underlying stroke physiopathology.
Indeed, better knowledge of stroke mechanisms that affects movements is crucial for enhancing treatment/rehabilitation effectiveness.
Secondly, it is well established that physical exercise training is advised as an effective rehabilitation tool. Indeed, it reduces inflammatory processes and apoptotic marker
expression, promotes brain angiogenesis, expression of some growth factors and improves the activation of affected muscles during exercise.
Nevertheless, exercise training might also aggravate sensorimotor deficits and brain injury depending on the chosen exercise parameters.
For the last few years, physical training has been combined with pharmacological treatments to accentuate
and/or accelerate beneficial neural and motor effects.
Finally, physical exercise might also be considered as a major non-pharmacological preventive strategy that provides neuroprotective effects reducing adverse effects of brain ischemia. Therefore,
pre-stroke regular physical activity may also decrease the motor outcome severity of stroke.
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