Well I have always been physically active. I ended with only a double major, my daughter ended with a triple major.
Intergenerational transmission of the positive effects of physical exercise on brain and cognition
- Edited by Bruce S. McEwen, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, and approved March 28, 2019 (received for review October 2, 2018)
Significance
Physical
exercise is well known for its positive effects on general health
(specifically, on brain function and health), and some mediating
mechanisms are also known. A few reports have addressed
intergenerational inheritance of some of these positive effects from
exercised mothers or fathers to the progeny, but with scarce results in
cognition. We report here the inheritance of moderate exercise-induced
paternal traits in offspring’s cognition, neurogenesis, and enhanced
mitochondrial activity. These changes were accompanied by specific gene
expression changes, including gene sets regulated by microRNAs, as
potential mediating mechanisms. We have also demonstrated a direct
transmission of the exercise-induced effects through the fathers’ sperm,
thus showing that paternal physical activity is a direct factor driving
offspring’s brain physiology and cognitive behavior.
Abstract
Physical
exercise has positive effects on cognition, but very little is known
about the inheritance of these effects to sedentary offspring and the
mechanisms involved. Here, we use a patrilineal design in mice to test
the transmission of effects from the same father (before or after
training) and from different fathers to compare sedentary- and
runner-father progenies. Behavioral, stereological, and whole-genome
sequence analyses reveal that paternal cognition improvement is
inherited by the offspring, along with increased adult neurogenesis,
greater mitochondrial citrate synthase activity, and modulation of the
adult hippocampal gene expression profile. These results demonstrate the
inheritance of exercise-induced cognition enhancement through the
germline, pointing to paternal physical activity as a direct factor
driving offspring’s brain physiology and cognitive behavior.
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