Development, Reliability and Validity of Engagement in Exercise Rehabilitation Scale for Patients with Stroke

 Nothing here is a protocol, so still COMPLETELY FUCKING USELESS! Doesn't anyone in stroke know of the need TO CREATE EXACT RECOVERY PROTOCOLS? Or is everyone in stroke A COMPLTE BLITHERING IDIOT?

Send me personal hate mail on this: oc1dean@gmail.com. I'll print your complete statement with your name and my response in my blog. Or are you afraid to engage with my stroke-addled mind? No excuses are allowed! You're medically trained; it should be simple to precisely state EXACTLY WHY you aren't creating EXACT recovery protocols with NO EXCUSES! Your definition of competence in stroke is obviously much lower than stroke survivors' definition of your competence! Swearing at me is allowed, I'll return the favor. Don't even attempt to use the excuse that brain research is hard.

Development, Reliability and Validity of Engagement in Exercise Rehabilitation Scale for Patients with Stroke

by 

Hu Jiang

 1,2,

Xiaoxuan Wang

 1,

Wenna Wang

 1,

Yongxia Mei

 1,

Beilei Lin

 1,

Jing Chen

 1,* and

Zhenxiang Zhang

 1,*

1

School of Nursing and Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China

2

Nursing Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, The First People’s Hospital of Zunyi, Zunyi 563000, China

*

Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Nurs. Rep. 2025, 15(8), 303; https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep15080303

Submission received: 19 June 2025 / Revised: 6 August 2025 / Accepted: 14 August 2025 / Published: 19 August 2025

Abstract

Background: Exercise rehabilitation is a crucial component of stroke recovery, particularly for patients transitioning to home or community settings. However, there is currently a lack of self-reported scales designed to measure the level of engagement in exercise rehabilitation among patients with stroke. 

Objective: To develop and validate psychometric properties of the Engagement in Exercise Rehabilitation Scale for patients with stroke. 

Methods: The initial item pool was extracted from a literature review and a semi-structured interview with patients with stroke. The development and refinement of the items underwent expert consultation and cognitive interviews with patients with stroke. The items primarily covered patients’ perceptions, emotional attitudes, and specific engagement behaviors regarding exercise rehabilitation in home or community settings. A total of 260 patients with stroke were selected to test the reliability and validity. The psychometric proprieties test included construct validity, content validity, criterion-related validity, exploratory factor analysis, internal consistency reliability, test–retest reliability, and split-half reliability. 

Results: The final version of the Engagement in Exercise Rehabilitation Scale comprised 20 items. The scale’s content validity index was determined to be 0.976, while the item-content validity indices ranged from 0.833 to 1.000. Results from exploratory factor analysis indicated that this scale is unidimensional, with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 79.3%. The test–retest reliability of the scale was found to be 0.879, its split-half reliability was measured at 0.980, and its Cronbach’s α coefficient was calculated to be 0.986. 

Conclusion: The Engagement in Exercise Rehabilitation Scale for patients with stroke demonstrates accepted reliability and validity. The accuracy and generalizability of this scale necessitate further validation through additional large-sample studies involving diverse populations across multiple centers.