http://www.springerlink.com/content/n459u3844514n7k1/
Abstract
This chapter focuses on the mechanisms
underlying the effects of exercise on brain structural and synaptic
plasticity as
well as cognitive function in rodents. In normal young and
aged mice wheel running increases neurotrophin, neurotransmitter,
and angiogenesis levels, and enhances fine neuronal
morphology such as dendritic branching and spine density. Specific to
the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus is the increase in the
production of new neurons with running, which may mediate at least
in part the observed improvements in learning and memory.
The role of exercise in mouse models of neurodegeneration such as
Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s disease and Huntington’s disease is
also evaluated and found to be generally beneficial with the
potential exception of Huntington’s disease. Furthermore,
possible peripheral triggers elicited with exercise, such as muscle
activation, that lead to improvements in brain structure and
function are discussed.
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