http://www.springerlink.com/content/t2h3u213231k5622/
Abstract
Central
nervous system (CNS) injuries affect all levels of society
indiscriminately, resulting in functional and behavioral
deficits with devastating impacts on life expectancies,
physical and emotional wellbeing. Considerable literature exists
describing
the pathophysiology of CNS injuries as well as the cellular
and molecular factors that inhibit regrowth and regeneration of
damaged connections. Based on these data, numerous
therapeutic strategies targeting the various factors of repair
inhibition
have been proposed and on-going assessment has demonstrated
some promising results in the laboratory environ. However, several
of these treatment strategies have subsequently been taken
into clinical trials but demonstrated little to no improvement
in patient outcomes. As a result, options for clinical
interventions following CNS injuries remain limited and effective
restorative
treatment strategies do not as yet exist. This review
discusses some of the current animal models, with focus on nonhuman
primates, which are currently being modeled in the
laboratory for the study of CNS injuries. Last, we review the current
understanding
of the mechanisms underlying repair/regrowth inhibition and
the current trends in experimental treatment strategies that are
being assessed for potential translation to clinical
applications.
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