http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3169088/
Abstract
DHA (docosahexaenoic acid, C22:6,n−3)
has been shown to promote neurite growth and synaptogenesis in
embryonic hippocampal neurons, supporting the importance of DHA known
for hippocampus-related learning and memory function. In the present
study, we demonstrate that DHA metabolism to DEA (N-docosahexaenoylethanolamide)
is a significant mechanism for hippocampal neuronal development,
contributing to synaptic function. We found that a fatty acid amide
hydrolase inhibitor URB597 potentiates DHA-induced neurite growth,
synaptogenesis and synaptic protein expression. Active metabolism of DHA
to DEA was observed in embryonic day 18 hippocampal neuronal cultures,
which was increased further by URB597. Synthetic DEA promoted
hippocampal neurite growth and synaptogenesis at substantially lower
concentrations in comparison with DHA. DEA-treated neurons increased the
expression of synapsins and glutamate receptor subunits and exhibited
enhanced glutamatergic synaptic activity, as was the case for DHA. The
DEA level in mouse fetal hippocampi was altered according to the
maternal dietary supply of n−3 fatty acids, suggesting that DEA formation is a relevant in vivo
process responding to the DHA status. In conclusion, DHA metabolism to
DEA is a significant biochemical mechanism for neurite growth,
synaptogenesis and synaptic protein expression, leading to enhanced
glutamatergic synaptic function. The novel DEA-dependent mechanism
offers a new molecular insight into hippocampal neurodevelopment and
function.
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