http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jnc.12084/abstract
Abstract
Research on stem cells
has developed as one of the most promising areas of neurobiology. In the
beginning of the 1990s, neurogenesis in the adult brain was
indisputably accepted, eliciting great research efforts.
Neural
stem cells in the adult mammalian brain are located in the “neurogenic”
areas of the subventricular and subgranular zones. Nevertheless many
reports indicate that they subsist in other regions of the adult brain.
Adult
neural stem cells have arisen considerable interest since these studies
can be useful to develop new methods to replace damaged neurons and
treat severe neurological diseases such as neurodegeneration, stroke or
spinal cord lesions. In particular, a promising field is aimed at
stimulating or trigger a self-repair system in the diseased brain driven
by its own stem cell population.
Here,
we will revise the latest findings on the characterization of active and
quiescent adult neural stem cells in the main regions of neurogenesis
and the factors necessary to maintain their active and resting states,
stimulate migration and homing in diseased areas, hoping to outline the
emerging knowledge for the promotion of regeneration in the brain based
on endogenous stem cells.
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