Your doctor better be able to explain EXACTLY how the protocols for this have changed since this research came out in 2007. OR, you could give them a pass on their incompetence and learn to live with your disabilities for the rest of your life. I'm going to be disabled for half my life because the stroke medical world has completely failed in getting survivors 100% recovered. Stroke at age 50, I'm going to live to at least 100. Will follow in this Spaniard's footsteps. Don't listen to me, not medically trained.
Man Dies Aged 107, Thanked Red Wine For Long Life - 3 liters a day, no water
The latest here:
NEUROMUSCULAR ELECTRICAL STIMULATION IN NEUROREHABILITATION
Correspondence to: L.R. Sheffler; e-mail: lsheffler@metrohealth.org © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Published online 13 February 2007 in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience. wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mus.20758LYNNE R. SHEFFLER, MD, and JOHN CHAE, MD
Cleveland Functional Electrical Stimulation Center, Case Western Reserve University, 2500 MetroHealth Drive, Cleveland, Ohio 44109, USA
Accepted 4 January 2007 This article provides a comprehensive review of the clinical uses of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) in neurological rehabilitation. NMES refers to the electrical stimulation of an intact lower motor neuron (LMN) to activate paralyzed or paretic muscles. Clinical applications of NMES provide either a functional or therapeutic benefit. Moe and Post207 introduced the term functional electrical stimulation (FES) to describe the use of NMES to activate paralyzed muscles in precise sequence and magnitude so as to directly accomplish functional tasks. In present-day applications, functional tasks may include standing or ambulatory activities, upper-limb
performance of activities of daily living, and control of respiration and bladder function. A neuroprosthesis is a device or system that provides FES. Accordingly, a neuroprosthetic effect is the enhancement of functional activity that results when a neuroprosthesis is utilized. NMES is also used for therapeutic purposes. NMES may lead to a specific effect that enhances function but does not directly provide function. One therapeutic effect is motor relearning, which is defined as “the recovery of previously learned motor skills that have been lost following localized damage to the central nervous system.”180 Evolving basic science and clinical studies on central motor neuroplasticity now support the role of active repetitive-movement training of a paralyzed limb. If active repetitive-movement training facilitates motor relearning, then NMES-mediated repetitive-movement training may also facilitate motor relearning. Other examples of therapeutic applications include treatment of hemiplegic shoulder pain, cardiovascular conditioning, treatment of spasticity, and prevention of muscle atrophy, disuse osteoporosis, and deep venous thrombosis (DVT). This review focuses on the clinical uses of NMES for functional and therapeutic applications in patients with spinal cord injury or stroke. In order to provide a foundation for the various clinical applications, the neurophysiology of NMES and components of NMES systems are briefly reviewed. The specific neuroprosthetic or “functional” applications include upper- and lower-limb motor movement for self-care tasks and mobility, respectively, bladder function, and respiratory control. Specific therapeutic applications include post stroke motor relearning as well as the examples mentioned earlier. Lastly, perspectives on future developments and clinical applications of NMES are presented.
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