http://eeg.sagepub.com/content/43/1/39
Abstract
Few methods can predict the prognosis and
outcome of traumatic brain injury. Electroencephalographic (EEG)
examinations have
prognostic significance in the acute stage of
posttraumatic coma, and some EEG variables have been correlated with
outcome.
Furthermore, spindle activity and reactivity in the
acute stage have been associated with good recovery. Assessments of
consciousness
based on EEG and magnetoencephalographic (MEG)
recordings provide valuable information for evaluating residual
function, forming
differential diagnoses and estimating prognosis.
This study objectively investigated how fast spindles could relate to
the
recovery of consciousness and cognitive function
during the post-acute to chronic stages of diffuse axonal injuries
(DAIs).
Sleep stage 2 was examined in 7 healthy
participants and 8 patients with DAIs. Simultaneous EEG and MEG
recordings were performed
in the post-acute (mean 80 days) and chronic (mean
151 days) stages of recovery. Magnetoencephalography enabled equivalent
current dipole estimates of fast spindle sources.
Clinical recovery was evaluated by consciousness, neuropsychological
examination,
and outcome. Six severe and two moderate injuries
were studied in patients with favorable 1-year outcomes. In the
sub-acute
stage, significant decreases were detected in the
frequency, amplitude, and cortical activation source strengths of
spindle
activities, but these recovered during the chronic
stage. In the chronic stage, the Wechsler adult intelligence factor
scale
and subset patterning revealed significant
improvement in cognitive function. These results suggested that spindles
may reflect
recovery of consciousness and cognitive function
following a DAI.
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