I may be 15-20 pounds overweight. Is that enough to get the benefits from dark chocolate consumption? And what about the women? Can I give them dark chocolate and tell them its healthy?
Dark chocolate consumption improves leukocyte adhesion factors and vascular function in overweight men
- Diederik Esser*,†,
- Monica Mars*,†,
- Els Oosterink*,†,
- Angelique Stalmach‡,
- Michael Müller*,† and
- Lydia A. Afman*,†,1
+ Author Affiliations
- ↵1Correspondence: Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Bomenweg 2, 6703 HD Wageningen, The Netherlands. E-mail: lydia.afman@wur.nl
Abstract
Flavanol-enriched chocolate consumption
increases endothelium-dependent vasodilation. Most research so far has
focused on
flow-mediated dilation (FMD) only; the effects on
other factors relevant to endothelial health, such as inflammation and
leukocyte
adhesion, have hardly been addressed. We
investigated whether consumption of regular dark chocolate also affects
other markers
of endothelial health, and whether chocolate
enrichment with flavanols has additional benefits. In a randomized
double-blind
crossover study, the effects of acute and of 4 wk
daily consumption of high flavanol chocolate (HFC) and normal flavanol
chocolate
(NFC) on FMD, augmentation index (AIX), leukocyte
count, plasma cytokines, and leukocyte cell surface molecules in
overweight
men (age 45–70 yr) were investigated. Sensory
profiles and motivation scores to eat chocolate were also collected.
Findings
showed that a 4 wk chocolate intake increased FMD
by 1%, which was paralleled by a decreased AIX of 1%, decreased
leukocyte
cell count, decreased plasma sICAM1 and sICAM3, and
decreased leukocyte adhesion marker expression (P<0.05 for
time effect), with no difference between HFC and NFC consumption.
Flavanol enrichment did affect taste and negatively
affected motivation to consume chocolate. This
study provides new insights on how chocolate affects endothelial health
by
demonstrating that chocolate consumption, besides
improving vascular function, also lowers the adherence capacity of
leukocytes
in the circulation.—Esser, D., Mars, M., Oosterink,
E., Stalmach, A., Müller, M., Afman, L.A. Dark chocolate consumption
improves
leukocyte adhesion factors and vascular function in
overweight men.
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