https://www.nature.com/articles/nm.4311
- Nature Medicine 23, 782–787 (2017)
- doi:10.1038/nm.4311
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- Received:
- Accepted:
- Published online:
Abstract
The
balance between detrimental, pro-aging, often stochastic processes and
counteracting homeostatic mechanisms largely determines the progression
of aging. There is substantial evidence suggesting that the
endocannabinoid system (ECS) is part of the latter system because it
modulates the physiological processes underlying aging1,2.
The activity of the ECS declines during aging, as CB1 receptor
expression and coupling to G proteins are reduced in the brain tissues
of older animals3,4,5 and the levels of the major endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) are lower6.
However, a direct link between endocannabinoid tone and aging symptoms
has not been demonstrated. Here we show that a low dose of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol
(THC) reversed the age-related decline in cognitive performance of mice
aged 12 and 18 months. This behavioral effect was accompanied by
enhanced expression of synaptic marker proteins and increased
hippocampal spine density. THC treatment restored hippocampal gene
transcription patterns such that the expression profiles of THC-treated
mice aged 12 months closely resembled those of THC-free animals aged 2
months. The transcriptional effects of THC were critically dependent on
glutamatergic CB1 receptors and histone acetylation, as their inhibition
blocked the beneficial effects of THC. Thus, restoration of CB1
signaling in old individuals could be an effective strategy to treat
age-related cognitive impairments.
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