Impact of inhalational anesthetics on neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease: current evidence and potential implications

Will your competent? doctor at least ensure further research occurs that determines how and the interventions needed to make this work. You are an at-risk population or hasn't you doctor informed you of that?

Your risk of dementia, has your doctor told you of this?  Your doctor is responsible for preventing this! Is s/he willing to prevent this?

1. A documented 33% dementia chance post-stroke from an Australian study?   May 2012.

2. Then this study came out and seems to have a range from 17-66%. December 2013.`    

3. A 20% chance in this research.   July 2013.

4. Dementia Risk Doubled in Patients Following Stroke September 2018 

The latest here:

  Impact of inhalational anesthetics on neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease: current evidence and potential implications

 Austin Dosanjh1,#, Sanarya Al-Jaf1,#, Emily Ye1,#, and Khaled S. Abd-Elrahman1,2,3,*  

1. Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, and Djavad  Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada  

2. Department of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa  University, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates  

3. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria  University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt  # Contributed equally to this work  * Address correspondence to:  Dr. Khaled S. Abd-Elrahman  Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics  University of British Columbia  2176 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3.  Tel: 6048221390  khaled.abdelrahman@ubc.ca

Abstract 

Alzheimer’s disease is the most common form of dementia, primarily affecting the elderly population. It is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with key pathogenesis hallmarks being amyloid-beta plaque accumulation, and neurofibrillary tangles of tau protein. With an increasingly aging population and rising numbers of surgical procedures, growing interest has been directed towards the potential impact of inhalational anesthetics, particularly isoflurane, sevoflurane and desflurane, in contributing to the neurodegenerative process. Evidence supporting anesthetic-related modulation of  Alzheimer’s disease pathways is derived predominantly from in vitro and animal models, with comparatively limited and heterogeneous human biomarker and clinical data. This review will explore the various mechanisms by which these volatile anesthetics may contribute to the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration in the context of AD. This includes upregulation of beta-secretase 1 resulting in the formation of amyloid-beta oligomers and inhibition of tau dephosphorylation. While certain studies point towards a neuroprotective  effect of these anesthetics, the evidence remains inconsistent. Collectively, these findings support perioperative strategies focused on maintenance of normothermia, optimization of oxygenation, and judicious anesthetic exposure as practical measures to mitigate vulnerability in at-risk populations.