microgliosis
accumulation of microglial cells as a reaction to injury to the parenchyma of the central nervous system, a characteristic of nonsuppurative encephalomyelitis.
Microgliosis in the Injured Brain Infiltrating Cells and Reactive Microglia Both Play a Role
- 1Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Shengxiang Zhang, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, No. 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China. Email: sxzhang@lzu.edu.cn
Abstract
Microgliosis is an intense reaction of CNS
microglia to pathogenic insults. One of the characteristic features of
microgliosis
is an increase in the number of activated microglia
at the site of lesion. Ontogenically, microglia are considered to be of
mesodermal lineage in the adult CNS, but the origin
of the accumulated microglia in pathological conditions remains
controversial.
Some studies indicate that circulating cells from
the bloodstream can infiltrate the CNS and contribute to microglial
pool,
but some studies suggest that local expansion of
reactive microglia is the sole source for parenchymal microglia. Recent
data
suggest that latent progenitors may also exist in
the CNS. Available evidence suggests that multiple sources of microglia
may exist under various neurological conditions. In
this review, we compare the prevalent views and supporting evidence
from
different experimental models and provide an
overview on the origins of microgliosis.
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