Vagus nerve and brain–gut communication in neurodegenerative diseases: mechanism and therapeutic perspectives

 You competent? doctor created EXACT PROTOCOLS on vagus nerve stimulation and the gut-brain axis a decade ago, right? Oh no, you have a fucking INCOMPETENT DOCTOR THAT DID NOTHING, RIGHT!

All this earlier research on vagus nerve stimulation and you still haven't written a protocol on it and distributed it worldwide.

• vagus nerve (67 posts to July 2012)

• vagus nerve stimulation (1 post to February 2023)

  • paired vagus nerve stimulation (2 posts to April 2022)

And let's see how long your doctor has been incompetent on the gut-brain axis, only 9 years!

Dietary Index for Gut Microbiota (1 post to May 2025)

gut-brain axis (38 posts to June 2016)

gut microbiota (33 posts to June 2016)

gut microbiota dysbiosis (2 posts to March 2022)

gut microbiota transplants (1 post to October 2023) You need to be aware of this problem. 

The latest here:

I'd fire you all for incompetence!

Vagus nerve and brain–gut communication in neurodegenerative diseases: mechanism and therapeutic perspectives

Author links open overlay panel, , , , , , , 

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2025.107974Get rights and content

Under a Creative Commons license

Open access

Abstract

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are characterized by degenerative nerve damage, and available therapeutic drugs cannot prevent or slow down their progression. The pathogenesis of NDs is related to the brain–gut axis, but the regulatory mechanisms are not yet fully understood. The vagus nerve, the main neural pathway of the brain–gut axis, plays a crucial role in the occurrence and development of NDs. This study summarizes the molecular mechanisms by which the vagus nerve regulates intestinal immunity and neuroinflammatory homeostasis of NDs to improve movement disorders and mental disorders. Intestinal immune dysregulation promotes the transfer of metabolites through the vagus nerve to the brain, leading to a general imbalance between the central immune response and the peripheral immune response and enhancing the level of systemic inflammatory stress. Intestinal immune responses and metabolic imbalances cause brain immune imbalances mediated by the vagus nerve and brain–gut communication. Targeted strategies of vagus nerve and brain–gut communication, including intelligent engineered strains systems, genetic-engineering strain modification, artificial intelligence dynamic monitoring, vagus nerve stimulation, polysaccharides, and natural small molecules, can help improve the symptoms of NDs. This study emphasizes that vagus nerve and brain–gut communication can serve as novel targets for NDs.

Neuroplasticity-Based Physiotherapy Approaches in Stroke Rehabilitation: A Systematic Review

But you KNOW NOTHING ABOUT MAKING NEUROPLASTICITY REPEATABLE ON DEMAND. Useless. Creating EXACT PROTOCOLS IS NEEDED! Where the fuck are they?

We don't SPECIFICALLY know why a neuron gives up its' current job and takes on a neighbors.  Thus nothing on neuroplasticity is scientifically repeatable on demand. So, DEMAND your doctor give you EXACT PROTOCOLS to use. Don't allow your doctor to give you generalities or guidelines. 

The latest useless crapola here:

 Neuroplasticity-Based Physiotherapy Approaches in Stroke Rehabilitation: A Systematic Review

https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7696362/v1

This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License

Background: Stroke is a leading cause of adult disability worldwide, with motor impairments being the most common sequel. Neuroplasticity  the brain’s capacity to reorganize neural networks underpins functional recovery and is enhanced by specific physiotherapy interventions.

Objective: This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of neuroplasticity-based physiotherapy approaches in improving motor recovery and functional independence among stroke survivors.

Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, PEDro, and Web of Science for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between January 2010 and August 2025. Eligible studies included adult stroke patients undergoing neuroplasticity-based physiotherapy interventions such as constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT), mirror therapy, task-specific training, robotic-assisted therapy, and virtual reality. Two reviewers independently screened studies, extracted data, and assessed methodological quality using the PEDro scale. The PRISMA guidelines were followed.

Results: Twenty-three RCTs (n = 1,465 participants) met the inclusion criteria. CIMT and task-specific training consistently demonstrated significant improvements in upper limb motor function and activities of daily living (ADL). Mirror therapy showed moderate evidence for upper limb recovery, particularly in subacute stroke. Robotic-assisted therapy and virtual reality yielded positive but heterogeneous results, with effectiveness influenced by stroke chronicity and intervention intensity. Risk of bias was moderate, mainly due to small sample sizes and lack of blinding.

Conclusion: Neuroplasticity-based physiotherapy approaches are effective in enhancing motor recovery after stroke, especially CIMT and task-specific training. However, heterogeneity in study protocols limits definitive conclusions. Larger, multicenter RCTs with standardized protocols are recommended

9 million views of this blog

 

 I must still be interesting to some people. I have never received any direct communications from any stroke medical 'professionals'. Are they scared to talk to me?

First million took from Aug. 2010  to Sept. 2014
Second million from Sept. 2014 to May 2016
Third million from May 2016 to March 2017
Fourth million from March 2017 to November 2018
Fifth million from November 2018 to September 2021

Sixth million from September 2021 to June 2024

Seventh million was from June 2024 to January 2025. 

Eigth million was from January 2025 to June 2025

Ninth million was from June 2025 to September 2025;'

The first post was:

What my doctor should have told me about stroke recovery

Still has the same relevance today. And I'm still as arrogant and opinionated as ever. Arrogance is only true if you don't know what you're talking about! I do know what I'm talking about! 

Your doctor really knows nothing SPECIFIC AND EXACT to get you recovered. Ask him/her; you'll get dissembling rather than specifics! Or you'll get the craptastic saying: 'All strokes are different, all stroke recoveries are different'. In my opinion, that is the comment of a totally incompetent doctor!

Screening for Social Determinants of Health (SDOH) and Cognitive Function in Individuals With History of Stroke

 Getting them to 100% recovery would vastly improve their chances of maintaining mental functions after a stroke. So, SOLVE THAT PROBLEM! This description of research DOES NOTHING FOR SURVIVORS; YOURE FIRED! 

Screening for Social Determinants of Health (SDOH) and Cognitive Function in Individuals With History of Stroke

ClinicalTrials.gov IDNCT06615973

SponsorNational Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)

Information Provided byRebecca F Gottesman, M.D.

Study Start (Estimated)2025-10-02

Primary Completion (Estimated) 2026-02-01

Study Completion (Estimated)2026-02-01

Enrollment (Estimated)450

Study TypeObservational

Last Update Posted2025-09-29

Study Overview

Brief Summary

Background: Stroke is the fifth leading cause of death in the United States. It is also a leading cause of disability. More than 70% of people who survive strokes have mental impairment or dementia. Medical factors, such as the severity of the stroke, affect whether a person will have mental impairment afterward. But social factors, such as education and ethnicity, seem to play a role as well. Researchers want to learn more about how social and lifestyle factors affect a persons chances of maintaining mental functions after a stroke. 

Objective: To better understand how social and lifestyle factors affect the risk of mental impairment after a stroke. Eligibility: People aged 18 years and older who had a stroke and a brain scan while they were enrolled in NIH Study 01N0007 (Natural History of Stroke Study). 

Design: Participants will have 1 study visit, by telephone. The call will last about 45 minutes. Participants will talk about their health since their stroke. They will answer questions about themselves. Topics will include: * Their race * Education * Ethnicity * Employment * Marital status * Residence address * Recent health history * Medical insurance They will have tests of their memory, attention, and language skills. They will repeat numbers and words forward and backward. Researchers will look at the data and imaging scans collected during participant s enrollment in NIH Study 01N0007. This data will include: * The hospital that first saw the participant at the time of their stroke. * The type of imaging that was first used then. * The primary diagnosis at admission. * Other medical details.

To learn more, visitClinicalTrials.gov

Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke (ReMEDy2 Trial)

 Ask your competent? doctor to explain the previous FDA hold on this research and notify you of the results when research is completed. No knowledge of this at all is fucking complete incompetence! I expect my doctors and therapists to be completely up to date on all research in the stroke field. You should be getting this information from your doctor, not me.

DM199 (2 posts to August 2022)

Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke (ReMEDy2 Trial)

ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT05065216

Information Provided by Scott Kasner, MD Study Start (Actual) 2021-11-07 Primary Completion (Estimated) 2026-12 Study Completion (Estimated) 2026-12 Enrollment (Estimated) 728 Study Type Interventional Last Update Posted 2025-09-25 Study Overview Brief Summary This is a Phase 2/3 study evaluating the safety and efficacy of ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT05065216 Sponsor DiaMedica Therapeutics Inc Information Provided byScott Kasner, MD< Study Start (Actual)2021-11-07 Primary Completion (Estimated) 2026-12 Study Completion (Estimated) 2026-12 Enrollment (Estimated) 728 Study Type Interventional Last Update Posted 2025-09-25 Study Overview>This is a Phase 2/3 study evaluating the safety and efficacy of DM199 (rinvecalinase alfa) in treating participants with moderate stroke severity, who present within 24 hours of Acute Ischemic Stroke (AIS) onset due to small and medium vessel occlusions. This study focuses on participants with limited treatment options. Participants who have or will receive mechanical thrombectomy (MT) are not eligible for participation. Additionally, participants who have received fibrinolytics are excluded unless they experience a persistent neurological deficit of moderate severity six or more hours after fibrinolytic treatment. Participants considered for this trial should not be denied the use of standard of care (SoC) AIS therapies, such as fibrinolytics or MT, when appropriate. The double-blinded study will be randomized and placebo-controlled at up to approximately 100 sites.To learn more, visit ClinicalTrials.gov (rinvecalinase alfa) in treating participants with moderate stroke severity, who present within 24 hours of Acute Ischemic Stroke (AIS) onset due to small and medium vessel occlusions. This study focuses on participants with limited treatment options. Participants who have or will receive mechanical thrombectomy (MT) are not eligible for participation. Additionally, participants who have received fibrinolytics are excluded unless they experience a persistent neurological deficit of moderate severity six or more hours after fibrinolytic treatment. Participants considered for this trial should not be denied the use of standard of care (SoC) AIS therapies, such as fibrinolytics or MT, when appropriate. The double-blinded study will be randomized and placebo-controlled at up to approximately 100 sites.ClinicalTrials.gov

Study finds cocoa extract supplement reduced key marker of inflammation and aging

 Didn't your competent? doctor tell you about cocoa a long time ago?

Was this earlier research not good enough to write up protocols? Do your incompetent? doctors even know about this earlier research? NO protocols on cocoa from your incompetent doctors? RUN AWAY!

Send me hate mail on this: oc1dean@gmail.com. I'll print your complete statement with your name and my response in my blog. Or are you afraid to engage with my stroke-addled mind? What is your definition of stroke doctor competence? 

Flavanol-rich chocolate acutely improves arterial function and working memory performance counteracting the effects of sleep deprivation in healthy individuals June 2016

Cocoa Flavanols: Scientifically proven health benefits  Feb. 2016

 

Boosting Cocoa's Dementia-Fighting Benefits  Oct. 2015 

 

2 Cups of Hot Cocoa-a-Day Keeps the Neurologist Away  June 2015

 

 

Sweet dreams: eating chocolate prevents heart disease  June 2015

 

 Cocoa flavanol consumption improves cognitive function, blood pressure control, and metabolic profile in elderly subjects: the Cocoa, Cognition, and Aging (CoCoA) Study—a randomized controlled trial  Jan. 2015 

 

Blueberries, Avocados and Cocoa Beans May Keep Cardiologists at Bay  Jan. 2015

 

This Common Beverage Reversed Normal Age-Related Memory Loss in Three Months - Cocoa  Oct. 2014 

 

Cocoa Extract May Counter Specific Mechanisms of Alzheimer’s Disease  June 2014 

 

Could Hot Cocoa Improve Brainpower in Seniors?  Aug. 2013

 

Chocolate-loving countries produce more Nobel laureates  Oct. 2012

 

Eating small bar of chocolate cuts risks of stroke in men  Sept. 2012

 

Hot Cocoa May Boost Seniors' Brain Power  Aug. 2012

 

Dark Chocolate: Sweet Prevention for CV Events  June 2012

 The latest here:

Study finds cocoa extract supplement reduced key marker of inflammation and aging

The New Longevity Pantry: Science-Backed Staples for a Longer Life

 Of course, your competent? doctor had the dietician create AN EXACT DIET PROTOCOL for ALL your needs! NO? 

For dementia prevention; for cognitive improvement; for cholesterol reduction; for plaque removal; for Parkinsons prevention; for inflammation reduction, for dementia prevention; etc. Oh, you DON'T HAVE A DIET PROTOCOL, DO YOU? Incompetence of both the hospital and doctor! Haven't you fired both yet?

Do you prefer your doctor and hospital incompetence NOT KNOWING? OR NOT DOING?

The New Longevity Pantry: Science-Backed Staples for a Longer Life

Food can be a form of personalized medicine. And the pantry? That’s your front line.

We know that what you eat can help modulate 

[in-fluh-mey-shuhn] noun

Your body’s response to an illness, injury or something that doesn’t belong in your body (like germs or toxic chemicals).

Learn More

inflammation, optimize metabolic function, support cognitive 

[ri-zil-yuhns] noun

The ability to recover quickly from stress or setbacks.

Learn More

resilience, and even influence your biological age. With global chronic disease rates rising, the conversation has shifted from calorie counts to cellular health. Your kitchen is a major player in how you shape your healthspan.

So, what belongs in a pantry built for longevity?

The New Longevity Pantry

We dug into the research and created a simple science-backed overview of the New Longevity Pantry: functional staples, strategic upgrades, and a few swaps to consider.

The Omega Shelf: Fat That Fights Inflammation

• What to stock: Extra virgin olive oil, flaxseed, walnuts, chia seeds, sardines.

• Why it matters: Healthy fats are critical for cardiovascular and cognitive function. They reduce systemic inflammation, which is a key driver of aging, and support cellular membranes.

• Science says: Diets rich in extra virgin olive oil (like the Mediterranean diet) are associated with reduced risk of Alzheimer’s and cardiovascular disease. A study in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology found that people with the highest olive oil intake had a 19% lower risk of cardiovascular mortality, 17% lower risk of cancer mortality, 29% lower risk of neurodegenerative mortality and 18% lower risk of respiratory mortality.

The Fiber Bin: Prebiotic Fuel

• What to stock: Lentils, oats, barley, leafy greens, psyllium, beans.

• Why it matters: Fiber feeds beneficial gut bacteria that produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which reduce inflammation and may protect against neurodegeneration.

• Science says: High-fiber diets are associated with reduced risk of cognitive decline and dementia. A 2023 study in Nutritional Neuroscience showed that dietary fiber intake was inversely associated with Alzheimer’s risk. (Try the Super Age Spinach Salad.)

The Plant-Protein Corner: Clean Power

• What to stock: Tempeh, tofu, lentils, quinoa, hemp seeds.

• Why it matters: Plant proteins are metabolically efficient, low in saturated fat, and may help modulate IGF-1 and mTOR, key longevity pathways.

• Science says: Replacing animal protein with plant-based protein (even just a few times a week) is associated with lower all-cause mortality. In a 2019 JAMA Internal Medicine study, replacing just 3% of calories from red meat with plant protein was linked to a 10% lower risk of death.

The Polyphenol Zone: Antioxidant Abundance 

• What to stock: Berries, green tea, turmeric, dark chocolate (70%+), colorful herbs.

• Why it matters: 
  [pol-ee-fee-nawlz] noun

  Plant compounds that act as antioxidants.

  Learn More
  Polyphenols are plant compounds with antioxidant, 
  [an-tee-in-flam-uh-tawr-ee] adjective

  Reducing inflammation, which contributes to better overall health.

  Learn More
  anti-inflammatory, and even senolytic potential.

• Science says: A BMC Medicine study found that high polyphenol intake was associated with a 37% reduction in all-cause mortality compared to those who get the least amount.

The Food-As-Vitamin Cabinet: Tiny Nutrients, Big Impact

• What to stock: Pumpkin seeds, Brazil nuts, and salmon

• Why it matters: Midlife deficiencies in micronutrients like magnesium, selenium, and vitamin D are linked to immune dysfunction, cardiovascular issues, metabolic issues, and cognitive decline.

• Science says: A 2019 review in The Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health concluded that vitamin D deficiency was associated with increased all-cause mortality. A 2023 study shows magnesium-rich diets may slow brain aging by over a year.

The Smart Carb Shelf: Blood Sugar-Friendly Staples

• What to stock: Sweet potatoes, steel-cut oats, wild rice, black rice.

• Why it matters: These carbs provide sustained energy, fiber, and antioxidants without spiking insulin, which is key for metabolic health.

• Science says: Low glycemic index diets are associated with reduced risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, while high glycemic diets are associated with increased risk of death from cardiovascular causes, according to a NEJM study.

The Fermentation Station: Gut-Health Gold

• What to stock: Kimchi, kefir, sauerkraut, miso, natto.

• Why it matters: Fermented foods promote gut 
  [mahy-kroh-bahy-ohm] noun

  The community of microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi) living in a particular environment, especially the gut.

  Learn More
  microbiome diversity, which impacts immune resilience, metabolic function, and mood.

• Science says: A 2021 study in Cell found that fermented foods increase microbiome diversity and lower inflammatory markers in humans. And a study in the British Journal of Nutrition found that only fermented vegetable intake was associated with a reduced risk of all-cause mortality.

The Beverage Bar: Longevity Drinks That Deliver

• What to stock: Green tea, coffee (filtered or espresso-style), kombucha (low-sugar), water with electrolytes.

• Why it matters: These drinks offer concentrated sources of polyphenols, postbiotics, and metabolism-boosting compounds. They support cardiovascular, cognitive, and metabolic health when used in place of sugary or ultra-processed beverages.

• Science says: Green tea is linked to up to 40% lower cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in multiple long-term cohort studies. Coffee consumption is associated with a 10–15% reduction in all-cause mortality, likely due to its polyphenols and metabolic benefits. Kombucha has shown early evidence for lowering fasting blood glucose and improving insulin response. Hydration plays a critical role in healthy aging. A 2023 longitudinal analysis found that middle-aged adults with optimal serum sodium levels (between 135 and 146 mmol/L), which is a marker of good hydration, had a 39% lower risk of developing chronic disease and appeared up to 15 years biologically younger than those chronically underhydrated. 

What’s Not in the Pantry

You won’t find ultra-processed snacks, sugary drinks, or excessive red meat. These accelerate inflammation and oxidative stress, which are two hallmarks of accelerated aging. It’s not about restriction. It’s about creating a pantry that energizes, heals, and sustains you.

Build Your Own Longevity Pantry

Longevity doesn’t live in a single 

[soo-per-food] noun

A nutrient-rich food that offers health benefits.

Learn More

superfood. It’s in the pattern: colorful plants, high-fiber carbs, clean fats, and microbial allies.

Here’s how to get started:

• Add one new fermented food this week.
• Swap processed snacks for nuts, seeds, fruit, or roasted chickpeas.
• Try a breakfast with oats, berries, and ground flax.

The kitchen is your laboratory. The pantry is your pharmacy. And your future self? They’ll thank you for every choice you make.

The information provided in this article is for educational and informational purposes only and is not intended as health, medical, or financial advice. Do not use this information to diagnose or treat any health condition. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider regarding any questions you may have about a medical condition or health objectives. Read our disclaimers.