http://nro.sagepub.com/content/19/1/8.abstract
Abstract
In recent years, diffusion-weighted
magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) has been increasingly used to
explore the relationship
between white matter structure and cognitive
function. This technique uses the passive diffusion of water molecules
to infer
properties of the surrounding tissue. DW-MRI has
been extensively employed to investigate how individual differences in
behavior
are related to variability in white matter
microstructure on a range of different cognitive tasks and also to
examine the
effect experiential learning might have on brain
structural connectivity. Using diffusion tensor tractography, large
white
matter pathways have been traced in vivo and used
to explore patterns of white matter projections between different brain
regions. Recent findings suggest that
diffusion-weighted imaging might even be used to measure functional
differences in water
diffusion during task performance. This review
describes some research highlights in diffusion-weighted imaging and how
this
technique can be employed to further our
understanding of cognitive function.
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