http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24382194
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Background: An increasing number of studies have examined the effects
of training of cognitive and other tasks on brain structure, using
magnetic resonance imaging. Methods: Studies combining cognitive and
other tasks training with longitudinal imaging designs were reviewed,
with a view to identify paradigms potentially applicable to treatment of
cognitive impairment. Results: We identified 36 studies, employing
training as variable as juggling, working memory, meditation, learning
abstract information, and aerobic exercise. There were training-related
structural changes, increases in gray matter volume, decreases,
increases and decreases in different regions, or no change at all. There
was increased integrity in white matter following training, but other
patterns of results were also reported. Conclusions: Questions still to
be answered are: Are changes due to use-dependent effects or are they
specific to learning? What are the underlying neural correlates of
learning, the temporal dynamics of changes, the relations between
structure and function, and the upper limits of improvement? How can
gains be maintained? The question whether neuroplasticity will
contribute to the treatment of dementia will need to be posed again at
that stage.
- PMID:
- 24382194
- [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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